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Cardio Exam 1 > ANS Anatomy > Flashcards

ANS Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System divided into

A
  • CNS

- PNS

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2
Q

CNS composed of

A
  • brain and spinal cord
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3
Q

PNS composed of

A
  • afferent division

- efferent division

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4
Q

afferent division composed of

A
  • somatic sensory
  • visceral sensory
  • special sensory
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5
Q

efferent devision composed of

A
  • somatic motor

- autonomic motor

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6
Q

autonomic motor composed of

A
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
  • enteric
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7
Q

enteric division of ANS

A
  • GI tract nervous system
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8
Q

somatic division organization

A
  • single neuron between CNS and skeletal muscle
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9
Q

somatic innervates

A
  • skeletal muscle at NMJ
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10
Q

somatic (excitatory/inhibitory)

A
  • muscle excitation only
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11
Q

autonomic organization

A
  • two neuron chain connected by ganglion synapse

- preganglionic and post ganglionic neuron

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12
Q

autonomic innervates

A
  • smooth and cardiac muscle
  • glands
  • GI neurons
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13
Q

autonomic (excitatory/inhibitory)

A
  • excitatory or inhibitory
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14
Q

somatic motor neurons are located in

A
  • spinal cord

- cranial nerve motor nuclei

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15
Q

synapses for somatic motor neurons are located where

A
  • neuromuscular junction
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16
Q

definition of ganglia

A
  • collection of neuronal cell bodies outside CNS
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17
Q

ANS where is the post ganglionic cell body located

A
  • within the ganglion

- or within chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

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18
Q

chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla are

A
  • modified post ganglionic sympathetic neurons
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19
Q

long postganglionic sympathetic fibers lead from the sympathetic chain to the target organ where they are terminated with

A
  • varicosities
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20
Q

importance of varicosites

A
  • release neurotransmitters over large surface area of the tissue
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21
Q

parasympathetic effect on pupil

A
  • constricts pupil
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22
Q

parasympathetic effect on lacrimal gland

A
  • stimulates tear production and salivation
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23
Q

parasympathetic effect on lungs

A
  • constricts airways
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24
Q

parasympathetic effect on heart

A
  • slows heartbeat
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25
Q

parasympathetic effect on gallbladder

parasympathetic effect on liver

A
  • stimulates contraction for bile release

- glycogen synthesis for glucose storage

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26
Q

parasympathetic effect on stomach

A
  • stimulates digestion
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27
Q

parasympathetic effect on pancreas and GI

A
  • stimulates secretion of enzymes and insulin
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28
Q

parasympathetic effect on GU system

A
  • promotes voiding
  • stimulates erection in males
  • blood flow for lubrication in women
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29
Q

preganglionic neurons of the Parasympathetic division is called

A
  • craniosacral
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30
Q

axon size of preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic

A
  • long axons
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31
Q

axon size of post ganglionic neurons in parasympathetic

why?

A
  • shorter axons

- ganglia located near target

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32
Q

parasympathetic cell bodies are located in

A
  • brainstem - cranial nerve nuclei

- sacral spinal cord - intermediolateral nucleus

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33
Q

axons in parasympathetic ANS leave brainstem from cell bodies and form

A
  • form parts of cranial nerves
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34
Q

axons in parasympathetic ANS leave sacral spinal cord from cell bodies and leave

A
  • leave through ventral roots
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35
Q

parasympathetic ANS preganglionic axons synapse

A
  • synapse at ganglia
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36
Q

parasympathetic ANS postganglionic axons synapse

A
  • synapse on target organs
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37
Q

sympathetic effect on pupil

A
  • dilates pupil
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38
Q

sympathetic effect on lungs

A
  • relaxes airway
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39
Q

sympathetic effect on blood vessel

A
  • constricts blood vessel
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40
Q

sympathetic effect on heart

A
  • accelerates heartbeat
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41
Q

sympathetic effect on sweat production

A
  • stimulates sweat production
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42
Q

sympathetic effect on small intestine

A
  • inhibits secretion
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43
Q

sympathetic effect on adrenal medulla

A
  • stimulates secretion of NE and EPI
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44
Q

sympathetic effect on GU system

A
  • inhibits voiding
  • stimulates orgasm
  • stimulates ejaculation
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45
Q

sympathetic division preganglionic cell bodies located

A
  • thoraco-lumbar

- thoracic & upper lumbar

46
Q

cell bodies of sympathetic division located in

A
  • intermediolaterial column
47
Q

axons of sympathetic division exit via

A
  • ventral roots
48
Q

sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse on

A
  • sympathetic chain ganglia
  • prevertebral ganglion neurons
  • adrenal medulla chromaffin cells
49
Q

sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse on sympathetic chain ganglia at what level?

A
  • same level
  • higher
  • lower
50
Q

how do sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse on the prevertebral ganglion neurons?

A
  • pass through paravertebral sympathetic trunk
51
Q

size of preganglionic axons of sympathetic division

A
  • preganglionic axons are shorter
52
Q

size of postganglionic axons of sympathetic division

A
  • postganglionic axons are longer
53
Q

postganglionic cell bodies adjacent to each thoracic and upper lumbar segment and the cervical and sacral segments are called

pairing of these

A
  • paravertebral ganglia

- paired on either side of the spinal cord

54
Q

ganglia in front of the vertebral column are called

  • pairing of these
A
  • prevertebral ganglia
  • collateral ganglia
  • preaortic ganglia
  • most are not paired
55
Q

sympathetic chain/sympathetic trunk includes

A
  • ganglia adjacent to thoracic and upper lumbar segment, and cervical and sacral segments
  • ganglia in front of the vertebral column
56
Q

sympathetic chain ganglia are located

A
  • on either side of the vertebral column
57
Q

cervical ganglia division

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
58
Q

prevertebral ganglia division

A
  • celiac
  • superior mesenteric
  • inferior mesenteric
59
Q

sympathetic division called

A
  • sympatho-adrenal
60
Q

sympathetic preganglionic neuron located

A
  • thoracic spinal cord
61
Q

adrenal medulla in sympathetic division has control over

A
  • sympathetic control over endocrine function

- release EPI and NE into general circulation

62
Q

sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse on

A
  • chromaffin cells
63
Q

all preganglionic (parasympathetic and sympathetic) neurons release ____ at their synapse on postganglionic neurons

on what kind of receptor

A
  • acetylcholine

- nicotinic

64
Q

parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release ______ at their synapses on effector tissues

on what kind of receptor

A
  • acetylcholine

- muscarinic (M2 and M2)

65
Q

sympathetic postganglionic neurons generally release ______ at their synapses on effector tissues

what kind of receptor

A
  • norepinephrine

- adrenergic (alpha 1 and 2, beta 1 and 2)

66
Q

M2 receptors used for

A
  • SA/AV node cell and cardiac muscle
67
Q

alpha 1 receptors located on

  • used for
A
  • peripheral blood vessels

- vasoconstriction

68
Q

beta 1 receptors located on

  • used for
A
  • SA/AV node cells and cardiac muscle

- increase heart rate

69
Q

amount of beta 1 versus beta 2 receptors on cardiomyocytes

result

A
  • much more beta 1 than beta 2

- increases contractility

70
Q

use of beta 2 receptors

A
  • bronchodilation and vasodilation
71
Q

most of the effects of the alpha 2 receptors results from

A
  • its location on the presynaptic neuron terminal
72
Q

presynaptic role of alpha 2

  • mechanism
A
  • inhibits release of NE from presynaptic neuron so blocks sympathetic signals
  • NE feedbacks to alpha 2 receptor and inhibits calcium channel opening
  • inhibiting calcium channel opening stops NE release
73
Q

postsynaptic role of alpha 2

A
  • induces smooth muscle contraction
74
Q

sympathetic post synaptic neuron releases NE on which receptors

A
  • alpha 1
  • alpha 2
  • beta 1
75
Q

sympathetic post synaptic neurons releases Epi on which receptors

A
  • alpha 1,2

- beta 1,2

76
Q

sympathetic neurons synapsing on renal vasculature and smooth muscle release what neurotransmitter?

on what receptor

A
  • dopamine

- D1

77
Q

sweat glands are part of what pathway

  • innervated by
A
  • sympathetic pathway

- innervated by cholinergic fibers

78
Q

does the parasympathetic division innervate blood vessels or structures in the skin?

A
  • no
79
Q

mass discharge of parasympathetic division

A
  • no mass discharge
80
Q

control by parasympathetic division

A
  • very discrete control of individual effectors

- each organ can be regulated separately

81
Q

mass discharge of sympathetic division

A
  • capable of mass discharge

- activation of multiple organ systems are once

82
Q

sympathetic control of skin and digestive tract

A
  • inhibits blood flow to skin

- inhibits digestive tract activity

83
Q

things only controlled by the sympathetic system

A
  • sweat glands
  • pilomotor muscles of skin
  • arterioles
  • veins
84
Q

epocrine sweat glands located

A
  • all over the body
85
Q

epocrine sweat glands function

A
  • thermoregulation
86
Q

epocrine sweat glands post ganglionic neurons release

  • binds to
A
  • Ach

- muscarinic receptor

87
Q

appocrine sweat glands located

A
  • armpits
  • genitals
  • perianal
88
Q

appocrine sweat glands active when

A
  • puberty onward
89
Q

appocrine sweat glands receptors

A
  • adrenergic receptors
90
Q

how are appocrine sweat glands regulated?

A
  • hormonally

- EPI in the blood stream

91
Q

parasympathetic muscles controlling micturition

A
  • detrussor
  • internal urethral sphincter
  • external urethral sphincter
92
Q

detrussor is what kind of muscle

A
  • smooth muscle
93
Q

internal urethras sphincter is what kind of muscle

A
  • smooth muscle
94
Q

external urethral sphincter muscle is what kind of muscle

A
  • skeletal muscle
95
Q

detrussor muscle under what kind of control

  • does what
A
  • parasympathetic

- contracts

96
Q

detrussor muscle innervation during filling

A
  • inhibited
97
Q

detrussor muscle innervation during micturition

A
  • stimulated
98
Q

internal urethral sphincter under what control

  • does what
A
  • sympathetic

- contracts

99
Q

internal urethral sphincter innervation during filling

A
  • stimulated
100
Q

internal urethral sphincter innervation during micturition

A
  • inhibited
101
Q

external urethral sphincter under what control

  • does what?
A
  • somatic motor

- causes contraction

102
Q

external urethral sphincter innervation during filling

A
  • stimulated
103
Q

external urethral sphincter innervation during micturition

A
  • inhibited
104
Q

sympathetic effect on skeletal muscle

A
  • very little effect
105
Q

reflex definition

A
  • involuntary response to a stimulus
106
Q

cerebral cortex involvement in reflex

A
  • not directly involved
107
Q

reflex arc can be

A
  • neural

- hormonal

108
Q

reflex arc pathway

A
  • afferent limb
  • central integration enter
  • efferent limb
  • effector
  • functional changes
109
Q

afferent limb

A
  • sensory limb
110
Q

efferent limb

A
  • output
111
Q

functional changes provide

A
  • negative feedback
112
Q

baroreceptor reflex

A
  • helps maintain blood pressure and volume

Cardio Exam 1 (25 decks)

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