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Cardiovascular Medicine > CV Micro > Flashcards

CV Micro Flashcards

1
Q

4 clinical features of myocarditis?

A

Chest pain, dyspnea, fatigue and fever

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2
Q

What heart sound will be associated with myocarditis and what does it indicate?

A

Soft s3/4 which is indicative of impaired systolic function.

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3
Q

What does EKG most commonly show for myocarditis?

A

Sinus tach

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4
Q

What 2 things will we see on chest X-ray?

A

PE and big heart

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5
Q

What test can be used to help in making a definitive diagnosis of myocarditis?

A

Endomyocardial biopsy

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6
Q

What 3 drugs to use for myocarditis and why?

A

The myocarditis is basically causing HF, so use beta blockers, ACEI, and diuretics

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7
Q

What 3 things to avoid for myocarditis?

A

NSAIDS, alcohol, and exercise

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8
Q

What are the three most common pathogens for myocarditis?

A

Cox V, T Cruzi, and t spiralis

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9
Q

What type of pathogen is t cruzi and what is its route of transmission?

A

Parasite. Redivide bug

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10
Q

What 3 things are going on in acute phase of chagas Disease?

A

Eye swollen, myocarditis, and severe meningioencephalitis

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11
Q

What is going on during intermediate chagas?

A

Asymptomatic

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12
Q

4 things going on during chronic chagas?

A

Dilated heart, arrhythmias, achalasia, and megacolon

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13
Q

Where do we get t spiralis from and what tissue does it invade and what 3 areas of the body/

A

Raw pork. Skeletal muscle, brain and heart

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14
Q

Consider a diagnosis of t spiralis infection if what 3 things are present?

A

Periorbital edema, myositis, tons of eosinophils

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15
Q

3 clinical features of pericarditis?

A

Chest pain, palpitations and fever

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16
Q

How do patients try and relieve the chest pain from pericarditis?

A

Lean forward

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17
Q

What do we hear on auscultation for physical exam for pericarditis?

A

Friction rub

18
Q

What will EKG show for pericarditis?

A

Diffuse elevated ST

19
Q

What will you see on chest x ray for pericarditis?

A

Pleural effusions causing bilateral enlargement of the heart, water bottle sign.

20
Q

What is the complication of pericarditis and what three drugs to treat pericarditis?

A

Cardiac tamponade. Aspirin, NSAIDS, and colchicine.

21
Q

What med is contraindicated in pericarditis?

A

Anticoagulants

22
Q

2 most common pathogens causing pericarditis?

A

Cox b and myo TB

23
Q

What type of bacteria is Myo TB?

A

Acid fast bacillus gram positive

24
Q

If we do an acid fast test for myo, what will the result be? If we do an auramine rhodamine test, what will the result be for myo?

A

Red rods. Apple green.

25
Q

What is the MOA for infecting us with myo TB and why?

A

It primarily manifests as pulmonary TB, but it can spread via lymph and blood to cause Caseating pericarditis in the heart.

26
Q

What does IE start with?

A

Bacteremia

27
Q

What side of the heart is most commonly affected by acute IE and subacute IE?

A

Acute is right side and subacute is left side.

28
Q

4 major criteria to diagnose IE for duke criteria?

A

Positive culture, endocardial involvement, echo positive for IE, and new valve regurgitation

29
Q

How can we have a definitive diagnosis based on duke criteria?

A

2 major, 1 major and 3 minor, or 5 minor.

30
Q

Empiric treatment for IE?

A

Vancomycin and gentamicin

31
Q

4 most common pathogens for IE?

A

Staph aureus, strep viridans, epidermidis, and enterococci

32
Q

How does aureus breach us and what is their virulence?

A

Skin and specifically nasopharynx.

Host cell invasion, tissue and blood.

33
Q

3 toxic situations for staph?

A

Food poisoning, SSS, and toxic shock syndrome

34
Q

4 systemic manifestations of staph aureus?

A

acute Endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and arthritis

35
Q

2 manifestations/conditions caused by viridans?

A

Subacute endocarditis and cavities

36
Q

What is the virulence of epidermidis?

A

Attaches to prosthetic valves

37
Q

What type of endocarditis does epidermidis cause?

A

Subacute

38
Q

Treatment for epidermidis?

A

Vancomycin

39
Q

What type of endocarditis is caused by enterococcus and what are the 2 media requirements for it to grow?

A

Subacute. Bile and sodium chloride

40
Q

Non enterococci causes what type of endocarditis and what is the media requirement?

A

Subacute. Bile only.

41
Q

Streptococcus bovis is associated with what two conditions?

A

Colon cancer and IBD

Cardiovascular Medicine (25 decks)

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