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PD3 > MALE GU > Flashcards

MALE GU Flashcards

1
Q

Renal pain cause

A

distension of the renal capsule

i.e. renal stone, acute pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis

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2
Q

renal pain described as dull and constant:

A

infection

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3
Q

renal pain described as waxing & waning:

A

obstruction

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4
Q

location/radiation of renal pain

A

costovertebral angle (CVA) ; often spreads to the umbilicus or lower abdominal quadrant

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5
Q

Assoc. Sx of renal pain:

A

nausea, vomiting

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6
Q

Ureteral pain causes:

A

acute obstruction/ distension of the ureter due to stone or clot

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7
Q

ureteral pain described as: Constant, dull:

A

distension

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8
Q

ureteral pain described as: Colicky:

A

spasm

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9
Q

Location & radiation of ureteral pain:

A

Proximal ureter: radiates to ipsilateral scrotum (labium in F)
Mid-ureter: radiates to lower abdominal quadrant
Distal ureter: also causes urinary urgency and frequency

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10
Q

assoc sx of ureteral pain

A

hematuria, nausea, and vomiting

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11
Q

Bladder/Vesical pain:

Severe suprapubic discomfort means

A

acute urinary retention*

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12
Q

Burning pain in the distal urethra with voiding:

A

acute cystitis

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13
Q

Constant suprapubic pain not related to the act of urination

A

usually NOT of urologic origin.

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14
Q

Bladder/Vesical pain is associated with

A

bladder distension

chronic distention - painless

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15
Q

Prostatic pain Assoc. Sx:

A

Dysuria, frequency and urgency

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16
Q

Flaccid penile pain

A

STI, paraphimosis

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17
Q

Erect penile pain

A

priapism and Peyronie’s disease

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18
Q

**Low-flow (ischemic)

A

failure of venous outflow
usually painful**
associated with sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, leukemia

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19
Q

**High flow (non-ischemic)

A

the result of uncontrolled arterial inflow from a fistula between the cavernosal artery and the corpus cavernosum
rupture of a cavernous artery from trauma
usually not painful**

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20
Q

Priapism for longer than 24 hours is associated with the likelihood of permanent

A

impotence.

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21
Q

Acute Testicular pain:

A

trauma, torsion, epididymitis, orchitis

location from within the scrotum to the ipsilateral groin

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22
Q

Chronic Testicular pain:

A

Varicocele, hydrocele

described as Heaviness” without radiation

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23
Q

Referred Testicular pain:

A

Disorders of the kidney, retroperitoneal structures, or inguinal canal

24
Q

Irritative Voiding Symptoms

A

URGENCY
DYSURIA
FREQUENCY
NOCTURIA

25
Q

Obstructive voiding Sxs

A

hesitancy
decreased force of stream
intermittency
post void dribbling

26
Q

causes of obstructive voiding

A

BPH,
urethral stricture
neurogenic bladder disorders prostatic or urethral carcinoma
foreign body

27
Q

Hematuria in adults is considered what kind of sign?

A

Malignancy

28
Q

Bloody discharge:

A

Due to neoplasms, urethritis or trauma

29
Q

Purulent discharge:

A

Thick and yellowish green

Due to gonococcal urethritis or chronic prostatitis

30
Q

Types of incontinence

A 
Overflow
Functional
Structural
Urge
Stress
31
Q

Overflow

A

Bladder is always full so that it frequently leaks urine

Due to BPH, bladder tumor or stone, and peripheral neuropathy

32
Q

Functional

A

Normal urine control but incontinence on the way to the toilet or only in the morning

**Unable to reach bathroom in time

Due to arthritis, weakness, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, poor vision, and environmental factors

33
Q

Structural

A

Congenital (ectopic ureter)
Acquired (prostatectomy)

Structural/ anatomic problem

34
Q

Urge

A

Pass urine before reaching bathroom

Causes: stroke, brain tumor, dementia, spinal cord trauma
Mechanism: ↓ cortical inhibition of detrusor contractions

35
Q

Stress

A

Urine leaks because of sudden pressure on the pelvic muscles

Occurs with weakened pelvic -childbirth (females) or surgery

36
Q

Fever

A

If associated with UTI Sx: acute pyelonephritis, acute prostatitis, or acute epidydimitis

37
Q

Weight loss and malaise:

A

cancer; chronic kidney disease

38
Q

Balanitis and

Associated conditions:

A

Inflammation of glans penis

uncircumcised male, phimosis, infections, diabetes

39
Q

Pearly penile papules

A

anatomical variant

40
Q

profuse & yellow, thick discharge

A

Gonococcal urethritis

41
Q

scanty & white or clear discharge

A

Non-gonoccocal urethritis, chlamydia

42
Q

most common malformation of the urethral meatus

on the ventral surface of the penis

A

hypospadias

43
Q

less common

on the dorsal surface of the penis

A

epispadia

44
Q

hypospadias and epispadia are assoc w/

A

undescended testis,
UTI risk
infertility risk

45
Q

the length of ≈ 4.5 cm.

A

Normal size

46
Q

Small firm testes, ≤ 2 cm.

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

47
Q

Small soft testes

A

seen in cirrhosis,
myotonic dystrophy,
use of estrogens, hypopituitarism

48
Q

Cryptorchidism increases the risk of

A

testicular cancer

49
Q

(+) transillumination:

A

hydrocele, spermatocele

50
Q

(-) transillumination:

A

testicular cancer,

hernia, varicocele

51
Q

Congenital weakness of the internal inguinal ring

children (M/F) and young males

A

indirect inguinal hernia

52
Q

Acquired weakness of the abdominal wall (Hesselbach triangle)

adults >40 ; M>F

A

direct inguinal hernia

53
Q

Acquired weakness of the femoral canal.

F>M

A

femoral hernia

54
Q

Enlarged, nodular, hard with loss of normal anatomic groove

A

Prostate Cancer:

55
Q

Enlarged, smooth, firm with normal anatomic groove

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH):

56
Q

Soft, boggy and tender

A

Prostatitis:

PD3 (11 decks)

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