Neurodevelopment

Question 1

Determined Cell

Answer 1

Cells that fate developed into a specialized cell despite changes in environment

Question 2

Completely undetermined cells

Answer 2

Cells that RAPIDLY change due to alterations in environment

Question 3

Committed Cells

Answer 3

Cells that have some attributes of a particular cell type but can change with environment

Question 4

What type of cells divide asymmetrically?

Answer 4

Germ Cells

Question 5

Inductive Signaling

Answer 5

Induction of select cells in a homogenous group leading to altered character (Short range or long range)

Question 6

What does cells need for long range signaling?

Answer 6

Morphogens

Question 7

____ controls development and ____ creates uniqueness.

Answer 7

Differential Gene Expression

Non-coding sequences

Question 8

Blastula

Answer 8

Development stage after zygote

“Hollow filled ball of cells”

Question 9

Ectoderm is the precursor for

Answer 9

nervous system and epidermis

Question 10

Mesoderm is the precursor for

Answer 10

muscles and connective tissue

Question 11

Endoderm is the precursor for

Answer 11

gut, lung and liver

Question 12

Transformation of a blastula into a layered structure of a gut is called

Answer 12

gastrulation

Question 13

The two types of inductive signaling include: (2)

Answer 13

Short Range and Long Range

Question 14

Long Range Inductive Signaling

Answer 14

Substances that can diffuse through extracellular medium

Question 15

Delta Notch signal determines the differentiation of what two types of cells?

Answer 15

Active Delta—> Nerve Cell

Inactive Delta—> Glial Cell

Question 16

What are three ways to ensure diversity in pattern?

Answer 16

Combination Control
Cell memory
Sequential Induction

Question 17

Combination Control

Answer 17

Response of a cell to a given signal may differ based on the presence of other signals

Question 18

Cell Memory

Answer 18

Effect of a given signal depends on previous experiences of the cell which may have altered it chromatin, regulatory protein, transcription and RNA

Question 19

Sequential Induction

Answer 19

Different signals formed/secreted in a spatial and temporal manner

Question 20

Notch signaling pathway has what family of ligand and receptor?

Answer 20

Ligand–>Delta

Receptor–> Notch

Question 21

Hedgehog signaling pathway has what family of ligand and receptor?

Answer 21

Ligand–>Hedgehog

Receptor–>Patched, Smoothened

Question 22

WNT signaling pathway has what family of ligand and receptor?

Answer 22

Ligand–>WNT (Wingless)

Receptor–>Frizzled