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Cardio Exam 2 > Vascular Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Vascular Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

formula for mean arterial pressure

A
  • MAP= CO x SVR
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2
Q

if we increase resistance, what is the effect on flow

A
  • decreases flow
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3
Q

what is the resistance of the systemic circulation

A
  • high resistance system
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4
Q

what is the affect of larger resistances on pressure drops for the same flow

A
  • lead to larger pressure drops
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5
Q

relationship between length and resistance

A
  • proportional
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6
Q

relationship between viscosity and resistance

A
  • proportional
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7
Q

relationship between radius and resistance

A
  • inverse
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8
Q

resistors in series

A
  • summate
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9
Q

resistors in parallel

A
  • 1/RT to summate
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10
Q

each individual resistance in parallel compared to total resistance

A
  • greater than total resistance
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11
Q

which part of the vascular system has the highest total resistance

therefore

A
  • arterioles

- largest pressure drop occurs there

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12
Q

why do arterioles have the largest pressure drop

A
  • they have the smallest diameter
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13
Q

what has the next highest resistance

A
  • capillaries
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14
Q

compliance is the measure of _____ of a vessel wall

A
  • distensibility
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15
Q

compliance is the measure of the _______ of the vessel

A
  • capacitance
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16
Q

decreased compliance means

A
  • increased stiffness
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17
Q

which is more compliant (veins or arteries)

A
  • veins
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18
Q

compliance formula

A
  • compliance = volume / pressure
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19
Q

affect of atherosclerosis and age on compliance

A
  • decreased compliance
20
Q

blood flow is determined by _____ of the vessels

A
  • resistance
21
Q

auto regulation maintains blood flow by altering _____

A
  • resistance
22
Q

myogenic mechanism with decreased blood flow

A
  • decreased blood flow
  • less stretch on vascular smooth muscle
  • Ca2+ channels close
  • vasodilation
  • increase in blood flow
23
Q

myogenic mechanism for increase in blood flow

A
  • increase in blood flow
  • increased hydrostatic pressure
  • more stretch on vascular smooth muscle
  • Ca2+ channels open
  • vasoconstriction
  • decreased blood flow
24
Q

levels of these for vasodilation:

K
H
O2
CO2
adenosine
A
  • K increase
  • H+ increase
  • O2 decrease
  • CO2 increase
  • adenosine increase
25
Q

role of histamine

A
  • increases NO

- increases capillary permeability

26
Q

endothelin causes

released by

A
  • vasoconstriction

- endothelial cells

27
Q

thromboxane causes

released by

A
  • vasoconstriction

- platelets

28
Q

serotonin causes

released by

A
  • vasoconstriction

- platelets

29
Q

vasoconstriction mechanisms

A
  • activated of GPCR that increase IP3
  • close K+
  • activate Ca2+
30
Q

vasoconstriction acts through which receptors

A
  • Gq coupled receptors
31
Q

things that activate vasoconstriction

A
  • NE (via alpha-AR)
  • angiotensin
  • vasopressin
  • endothelin
32
Q

vasodilation mechanism

A
  • activates PKA or PKG

- activates K+ channels or Ca2+ pumps

33
Q

vasodilation acts through which receptors

A
  • Gs receptors
34
Q

things that activate vasodilation

A
  • adenosine
  • prostaglandins
  • prostacyclins
  • epinephrine (via Beta-AR)
  • nitric oxide
  • histamine
35
Q

what is the tendency of a hollow organ to recoil toward its original dimensions upon removal of a distending force?

what is its relationship to compliance

A
  • elastance

- reciprocal of compliance

36
Q

passive component of vascular compliance

A
  • extracellular matrix proteins
37
Q

active component of vascular compliance

A
  • smooth muscle tone
38
Q

compliance measured on a graph

A
  • slope of the curves
39
Q

venous compliance is decreased by

A
  • alpha 1 adrenergic receptors on venous smooth muscle are activated by catecholamines
40
Q

effect on venous compliance on venous return to the heart

A
  • increases venous return to the heart
41
Q

what provides the most potent regulation of coronary vascular resistance

A
  • metabolic control
42
Q

LaPlace Equation

A

T = (P x R)/h

T=tension
P = pressure
R = radius
h = wall thickness

43
Q

relationship of tension of the vascular wall to the risk of rupture

A
  • as tension increases, risk of rupture increases
44
Q

diagnostic tests to do for aortic aneurysm

A
  • chest CT scan

- echo

45
Q

capillary reserve in myocardial diastole

A
  • there is not capillary reserve
46
Q

physical exam of aortic dissection

A
  • blood pressures uneven in the 2 arms

Cardio Exam 2 (29 decks)

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