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history - germany > weimar germany > Flashcards

weimar germany Flashcards

1
Q

What happened in Jan 1919?

A

Anton Drexler founded the Germans Workers’ Party or DAP because final constitution set up (Weimar)

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2
Q

What happened in Sep 1919?

A

Hitler first attended a DAP meeting. Shared party’s main views against; Communist and socialists, Weimar Republic, Jews

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3
Q

What happened in Feb 1920?

A

Hitler began working as Drexler’s right- hand man and together they announced the 25 point programme. Which included; scrapping Treaty, expanding Germany’s borders and depriving Jews of German citizenship

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4
Q

What happened in June 1920?

A

Hitler proved to be a good speaker, attracted larger numbers to meetings. Membership grew to 1100

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5
Q

What happened in Aug 1920?

A

Suggested the DAP change name to NSDAP and made swastika the emblem

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6
Q

What happened in mid-1921?

A

Pushed Drexler aside, became leader. Sets up S.A

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7
Q

What was the SA and what did they do?

A

Made up of violent ex-soldiers
Reputation grew rapidly, with repeated shows of violence at political events
Hitler was able to remove an opposition he faces swiftly
Deliberately caused issues and stop for Hitler to demonstrate his power
First leader was Hermann Göring then Ernst Röhm

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8
Q

Who were Hitler’s close supporters?

A

Hermann Goring; wealthy hero of the German Air Force
Ernst Rohm; soldier
Julius Streicher; founder of the Nazi Paper Der Sturmer
Rudolf Hess; wealthy academic, became Hitler’s deputy

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9
Q

When was the Armistice?

A

11th November 1918

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10
Q

What things came under the constitution?

A 
Article 48 
PR
Right to vote for all Germans over 20 years of age
Personal Freedom
Freedom of Expression
Freedom to trade unions
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11
Q

What was proportional representation?

A

Percentage vote you get number of seats you get

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12
Q

What was Article 48?

A

President’s power, the chancellor can use it if president gives it to them.

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13
Q

What is LAMB?

A

LAND - Germany was split in two, germans was disbursed
ARMY - Reduce men to 100,000, no air force, 15,000 sailors, no submarines
MONEY - Reparation set to cover family allowance and pensions for the wounded, set at £6.6 billion in May 1921
BLAME - Article 231- war guilt clause, responsible for starting a war

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14
Q

What were the Social, Political and Economic effects on Germany after the war?

A

> Prices rose 250%

> Lost a lot of men during the war, this affected the amount of people working

> Weimar Republic was blamed for signing the Treaty

> People turned to extreme groups for aid (Social)

> The middle class and those of a fixed income lost out on interest on the savings (Social)

> Communist uprisings had increased in this time period

> Owners of war industries made a lot of money during the war (Social)

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15
Q

What is the overview of the Kapp Putsch?

A

Led by Wolfgang Kapp, assisted by General Luttwitz
Successful in overthrowing the government
March 13th 1920- Managed to seize Berlin and appoint Kapp chancellor
The general strike called by Ebert led to the failure of the Kapp Putsch

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16
Q

What is the overview of the Munich Putsch

A

Led by Adolf Hitler along with General Ludendoff
Wanted a revolution in Germany.
In 1923, he plotted with Kahr and Lossow to take over Munich in a revolution with the SA.
He and 600 storm troopers, on 8th November, burst into a meeting that Kahr and Lossow were holding and made them rebel
Next day 16 Nazis were killed and two days later Hitler was arrested.

17
Q

What is the overview of the Spartacist uprising?

A

Wanted Germany to be run by the working classes
Marxist leaders Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg
The amount of effort by the government to stop the uprising highlights how serious of a threat it was
Jan 1919 50,000 workers went on strike with Spartacist leadership
Freikorps sent to stop uprising
Leaders were executed

18
Q

What is the overview of the Red Bavarian?

A

The Bavarian Soviet Republic with a ‘red army’, set up by Eugen Levine
Proposed major economic and political changes due to the confusion caused by Kurt Eisner’s assassination on 21st February 1919.
However, after just one month, the freikorps crushed the republic with a total of 1000 death in May (White Terror)

19
Q

What is the overview of German October?

A

In 1923 left-wing revolutionary actions came to a head in central Germany.
The Communist Party (KPD) and the Moderate Socialist (SPD) formed coalitions in Saxony and Thuringia, but the communists went further and made military preparations.

20
Q

What happened in May 1921?

A

Reparations bill set at £6.6 billion

Weimar govt. Resigns and a new Z-SPD-DP coalition determines a policy of ‘fulfillment’

21
Q

What happened in Autumn 1921?

A

The first installment if the reparations is paid but there are no attempts to stabilise the currency or cut expenditure/increase taxes
It becomes inevitable that Germany will default

22
Q

What happened in Jan 1923?

A

Germany default on the payments of timber and coal

French and Belgian troops immediately occupy the Ruhr and passive resistance begins

23
Q

What happened in August 1923?

A

To pay strikers the government had to print more money
Inflation spirals out of control leading to a period of ‘hyperinflation’. Trade unions do nothing to help and the government struggles to manage the situation.

24
Q

What happened in Nov 1923?

A

£1 = 1,680,800,000,000,000 marks

25
Q

When and what was the ‘Great Coalition’

A

Stresemann Forms a ‘Great Coalition’ of Z, SPD, DDP, DVP, and ends passive resistance on 26th September 1923

26
Q

What was the Dawes Plan?

A

America leant money to Germany to rebuild their economy, given to Britain and France for reparations, Britain and France put that money back into Germany from loans in WW1

27
Q

What was the effect of Wall Street Crash on Germany?

A

Bankers and financiers recall the loans made to Germany, leaving germany no money- Krups, united steel works.

Loans renewed on a monthly bases

Germany did not produce so much, business close and employers sacked as there was less demand

1932- Industrial production decreased to 49%

Farmers affected because people wouldn’t pay for what they imported/ exported. ( Fallen agriculture prices)

28
Q

Effects of the Great Depression?

A

Elections of 1924 and 1928 Support for the Nazi peaked after the Great Depression and continued to increase. Between 1924 and 1928 they won 14 and 112 seats.

Unemployment The number of germans unemployed reached 6 million during the great depression leaving people desperate and radical for change.

history - germany (3 decks)

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