Schizophrenia

Question 1

are false fixed beliefs that usually involve a misinterpretation of an experience

Answer 1

delusions

Question 2

the person believes that they have exceptional powers, wealth, skill, influence, or destiny

Answer 2

grandiose

Question 3

the person believes that they are dead or that a calamity is pending

Answer 3

Nihilistic

Question 4

the person believes that they are being watched, ridiculed, harmed or plotted against

Answer 4

Persecutory

Question 5

the person believes they have abnormalities in their bodily functions or structures

Answer 5

Somatic

Question 6

are perceptual experiences that occur without actual external sensory stimuli

Answer 6

Hallucinations

Question 7

reducing fluency and productivity of thought/speech

Answer 7

alogia

Question 8

withdrawal and inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activity

Answer 8

avolition

Question 9

decreased reaction to stimuli with diminished interest and desire

Answer 9

apathy

Question 10

flattening or blunting in range of emotion expressed; inappropriate affect

Answer 10

affective

Question 11

inability to experience pleasure in things that ordinarily are pleasurable

Answer 11

anhedonia

Question 12

concurrent experience of equally opposing feelings making it impossible to make a decision

Answer 12

ambivalence

Question 13

disturbed speech and thinking patterns including thought content and process

Answer 13

disorganized thinking

Question 14

oversensitivity to colours, shapes and background activities

Answer 14

disorganized perceptions

Question 15

misperception of exaggeration of stimuli that exists in the external environment

Answer 15

illusions

Question 16

anxiety, depression, hostility

Answer 16

ancillary symptoms

Question 17

involving holding a posture in an odd or unusual fixed position for an extended period of time.

Answer 17

waxy flexibility

Question 18

involves involuntary imitation of another person’s movements and gestures

Answer 18

echopraxis

Question 19

Implicated in schizophrenia, and in studies with mice, has been shown to be involved in the anti-social or isolative aspects of schizophrenia.

Answer 19

Calcineurin- located on chromosome 2

Question 20

Involved in neuronal migration and connectivity, cell signaling and myelination

Answer 20

Neuroregulin - short arm of chromosome 8

Question 21

This gene leads to neuronal migration problems involved in the development of schizophrenia and may play an important tole in hippocampal development.

Answer 21

DISC1 and DISC2- located on chromosome 1

Question 22

Related to visual processing deficits, cognitive functioning, and reductions in volume in the prefrontal and occipital cortex in persons with schizophrenia.

Answer 22

Dysbindin- chromosome 6

Question 23

found to be a susceptibility gene in schizophrenia with reduced levels of it and one of its substrates in the hippocampus, frontal cortex of people with schizophrenia, as well as a reduced gray matter volume in the caudate and right prefrontal cortex, and reduced cognitive performance.

Answer 23

AKT1- chromosome 14

Question 24

• Involved in the birth, survival, and maturation of brain cells during development
• Involved in the production of the met and val alleles
• Plays a role in the GABAergic transmission, regulation of glutamatergic transmission, intracellular signaling and transmission.

Answer 24

BDNF- chromosome 11

Question 25

refers to the first time someone experiences psychotic symptoms or a psychotic episode.

Answer 25

first episode psychosis

Question 26

there may be changes in the way some people describe their feelings, thoughts, and perceptions.

Answer 26

Phase 1: prodrome

Question 27

clear psychotic symptoms are experienced, such as hallucinations, delusions, or confused thinking.

Answer 27

phase 2: acute

Question 28

most people recover

The pattern of recovervaries varies from person to person.

Answer 28

phase 3: recovery

Question 29

source of auditory, visual, olfactory and tactile hallucinations

Answer 29

limbic system

Question 30

• decreased neuronal volume

- cellular disarray

Answer 30

hippocampus and thalamus

Question 31

• abnormal function and excessive neuronal activity

- correlated with negative symptoms

Answer 31

left globus pallidus

Question 32

correlated with impaired working memory and executive functioning

Answer 32

prominent sulci

Question 33

dopamine hyperactivity causes positive symptoms in

Answer 33

mesolimbic tract

Question 34

dopamine hypoactivity causes negative symptoms in

Answer 34

mesocortical tract

Question 35

site of motor symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 35

nigrostriatal dopaminergic tract

Question 36

Suggests that changes in levels of NTs in the synaptic cleft, due either to increased or decreased presynaptic release or increased or decreased postsynaptc sensitivity, is the underlying pathologic process in mental illness.

Answer 36

biogenic amine hypotheisis