Cervical Spine Dx

Question 1

C1

C2

othre names

Answer 1

C1–> atlas (OA)

C2–> axis (AA)

Question 2

Cervical/thoracic and lumbar–> nerves exit _____ the vertebral body

Answer 2

cervical–> above

thoracic and lumbar–> below

Question 3

Describe anatomy of C1

Answer 3

no vertebral body,

rotates around dens of C2,

Question 4

axis (c2) anaomty

Answer 4

body extends superiorly to form dens

Question 5

How is the atlas bound to den

Answer 5

anterior arch

and

posterioly by the transverse atlantal ligament (part of cruciform L)

Question 6

anterior arch and posterioly by the transverse atlantal ligament (part of cruciform L)

Question 7

Hangman’s Fracture

Answer 7

hyperextension caused the

traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2 (axis)

with fracture of the vertebral arch of C2,

as well as tearing of the ligaments between C2 and C3

Question 8

some fractures that are not visible on the lateral radiograph will be visible on the __

Answer 8

AP

Question 9

witth lateral view of C-spine, how many vertebra can be seen

Answer 9

6

Question 10

in C-spin, how should spinous processes lie?

Answer 10

should lie in a straight line, except if they are bifid.

If there is malalignment –> unilateral facet joint dislocation

Question 11

The distance between the spinous processes should be equal. No space should be 50% wider than the one immediately above or below it. If so, this is characteristic of an ____________

Answer 11

anterior cervical dislocation

Question 12

What is an open mouth radiograph?

Answer 12

lets us assess C1 and C2.

The lateral massess of C1 should not overhand lateral masses of C2. If present–> burst fracture

Question 13

45 degree view lets us look at

Answer 13

1. intervertebral foramina
2. Ostephyte encroachment in spondylosis

Question 14

Atypical articulations and typical articulation of C-spine?

Answer 14

Atypical–> C1 and C2

Typical (C2-C7

Question 15

C1 Facets Converge _________

Answer 15

anterioly

Question 16

OA type

Answer 16

Type 1 like (like bc can have a flexion or extension component)

Question 17

Major motions of OA

Answer 17

-Flexion and extension, which allows for more saggital plane motion

Question 18

Minor motions of OA

Answer 18

SB and R, which occur opposite directions

Question 19

AA joint (C___- C___)

Answer 19

C1-C2

Question 20

AA joint

Primary motion _____

what does it do?

Answer 20

Primary motion is rotation.

The atlas rotates around the dens, with almost no SB or F/E.

Question 21

AA rotation is d/t what muscles

Answer 21

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Muscles

Question 22

C2-C7 are Type ___

Answer 22

TYPE 2 LIKE

Question 23

what way do SB and rotation occur on C2-C7, and why?

Answer 23

SAME SIDE d/t unicinate proceses

TTOSS (type 2 like)

Question 24

C2-C7 dysfunctions tend to occur in _____ place.

What are these dysfunctions

Answer 24

saggital

Flexion and extension

Question 25

Cervical segment exam.

Rotational testing occurs in the _______ plane

Translation/SB testing occurs in the _______ plane

Answer 25

transverse

Coronal

Question 26

how to dx OA on during SB testing

Answer 26

1. grash head with both hands, tips of finger 2/3 over occipital articulation
2. Move OA joint from R–> L in N to check SB
3. Repeat in F and E

Question 27

how to dx OA on during R testing

Answer 27

1. Grab head with both hands and place fingers on the occipital ridge in neutral
2. Lift anterior on both sides
3. repeat in F and E
   - if R and end feel become more systemitric in F/E–> you have a dysfunction in that

Question 28

AA Dx

Answer 28

1. Grab lateral mass of atlast with fingertips
2. FULLY FLEX C-spine, locking C2-C7 and isolating rotation to atlas
3. Roate

—-do not test F/E, SB here—

Question 29

C2- C7 rotation dx

Answer 29

1. Contact vertebral segment POSTERIOLY on articular pillar
2. check for tissue texture
3. Look at ease of motion with Rotation
4. reassess in F and E

Question 30

C2-C7 SB Dx

Answer 30

1. contact vertebral segment LATERALLY on articular pillar
2. look for tissue texture changes
3. Look for ease of motion or restriction with translation
4. reasess in F and E

Question 31

Why is translation to R, SB left

Answer 31

Pushing fulcrum to R, causing a left SB

Question 32

When do you perform HVLA/ART for cervical OMT

Answer 32

Cervical SD with ROM restriction d/t SD in [cervical facet joint], [AA joint] or OA joint

Question 33

Cervical soft tissue

Answer 33

1.

Question 34

A 16 y/o male presents to the clinic after going helmet to helmet with another football player. He states he has been having headaches and numbness and tingling in the first three digits on his palmar side. On exam you find that his C6 dermatome seems to be affected. Which of the following spinal segments is likely affected?

C5-C6 OR C6-C7

Answer 34

C5-C6
The nerves in the cervical spine exit ABOVE the spinal segment