Basic Cell Structure and Diversity Flashcards
three things it takes to make a cell
1) dynamic information
2) chemistry (matter and energy)
3) compartments (ex. phospholipids)
What is the miller-trey experiment
recreated earth’s atmosphere; created ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, h2o, hydrogen gas; which in turn created amino acids (which in turn create proteins)
describe cell theory
- cell is the structure unit of life
- all organisms are composed of 1 or more cell types
- cells can arise only by division of a pre existing cell
cells are highly ____ and organized
cells are highly complex and organized
cells are actively controlled by a ____ program
cells are actively controlled by a genetic program
cells can ______
cells can reproduce
cells can carry out many _____ ______ with _____
cells can carry out many chemical reactions with enzymes
under which conditions can amino acids be synthesized
amino acids can be synthesized in the lab under conditions mimicking earth (anaerobic)
describe eukaryotes
protists, fungi, plants
structurally more complex
describe prokaryotes
bacteria
structurally simpler
describe generally the organization of a cell
- contain a large number of parts
- organized with respect to time and space
- parts interact with little tolerance for error
- parts have to work together in a certain way
(all which provides great precision in cellular activities)
general definition of a virus
how do viruses exist outside of cells
outside of cells, viruses exist only as intimate particles (called viron)
-viron are comprised of small amounts of DNA and rna (encoding to a few genes)
what is the protein capsule of a virus called
a capsid
how do viruses work
they bind to the cell surface via specific proteins and enter into cell. once inside the cell, the virus hijacks cellular machinery to synthesize nucleic acids and proteins (which assembles new virus proteins)
