10. Regional and local anesthesia

Question 1

Regional anesthesia types

Answer 1

• Local anesthesia
• Nerve blocks
• Neuraxial anesthesia (spinal,/epidural)

Question 2

Advantages of SPA over GA

Answer 2

• Less cardiorespiratory complications

- Less bleeding

Question 3

Advantages of GA over GA w/EDA

Answer 3

• Thromboembolism risk dec.

- Mortality dec. (30%)

Question 4

Spinal level of anesthesia: upper abdominal surgery

Answer 4

T4

Question 5

Spinal level of anesthesia:

urogenital surgery

Answer 5

T6

Question 6

Spinal level of anesthesia:

hip surgery

Answer 6

T10

Question 7

Spinal level of anesthesia:

leg surgery

Answer 7

L1

Question 8

Spinal level of anesthesia:

foot surgery

Answer 8

L2

Question 9

Spinal level of anesthesia:

anal region

Answer 9

S2

Question 10

Local anesthesia duration of action and side effects: Lidocaine

Answer 10

• Duration: 1-1,5h

- SE: transient neurological symptoms in 14%

Question 11

Local anesthesia duration of action and side effects: Bupivacain

Answer 11

• Duration: 3,5-4h

- SE: cardiotoxic effect

Question 12

Absolute CI of anesthesia

Answer 12

1) Lack of consent
2) Local infection
3) Hypovolemia
4) Coagulopathy
5) ICP rise
6) Unknown neurological condition

Question 13

Relative CI of anesthesia

Answer 13

1) Spesis
2) Spinal deformity
3) Fixed cardiac output syndromes