Tongue Flashcards
Muscular Hydrostat
Consist mainly of muscles with no skeletal support
Intrinsic Muscles
Both origin and insertion points of the muscle are located within the body of the tongue
Contraction: Causes deformation of the body of the tongue
Includes: Vertical, Transvers, Superior Longitudinal, and Inferior Longitudinal
Vertical
Fibers aligned vertically
Contraction: flattens the tongue
Transverse
Fibers aligned horizontally
Contraction: narrows and elongates
Superior Longitudinal
Fibers aligned along the length of the tongue
Contraction: shortens tongue and pulls tip upward
Inferior Longitudinal
Fibers aligned along the length of the tongue
Contraction: shortens tongue and pulls tip downward
Extrinsic Muscles
Either origin OR insertion points of the muscle are located within the body of the tongue
Contraction: Repositions the body of the tongue as a unit
Includes: Hyoglossus, Genioglossus, Palatoglossus, and Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Courses between the tongue and the hyoid bone
Contraction: retracts and depresses tongue
Genioglossus
Courses between the tongue, mandible, and hyoid
Contraction:
Posterior portion: protrudes tongue
Anterior portion: retracts tongue
All fibers: lingual depression
Palatoglossus
Courses between the tongue and the soft palate
Contraction: retracts and elevates the tongue
Styloglossus
Courses between tongue and the styloid process
Contraction: retracts and elevates the tongue
Epithelium/Covering
Includes: Tastebuds, mucosa, lingual frenulum
Sensory Innervation: General vs. Special
General - pressure, touch, vibration, temperature (e.g. occurs throughout the body)
Special - dedicated organ with special receptors for a particular stimulus type (e.g. tongue, ears, eyes, and nose)
Sensory Innervation: Tongue Specific
Tongue has both types:
General: pressure/touch, temp, vibration
Anterior ⅔: Trigeminal - CN 5
Posterior ⅓: - Glossopharyngeal - CN IX
Special: taste
Anterior ⅔: Facial - CN VII
Posterior ⅓: Glossopharyngeal - CN IX
Swallowing Physiology
Bolus preparation and propulsion
Bolus efficiency and airway protection