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chemistry- paper 1 > bonding, structure & properties of matter > Flashcards

bonding, structure & properties of matter Flashcards

1
Q

solid

A
  • regular arrangement
  • very close together
  • vibrate around fixed positions
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2
Q

liquid

A
  • random arrangement
  • close together
  • flow around eachother
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3
Q

gases

A
  • random arrangement
  • further apart
  • quick in all directions
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4
Q

changing states:

A
  • particles stay the same
  • way the particles arranged changes
  • way particle move changes
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5
Q

melting boint:

A

melt & freeze at specific temperature

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6
Q

boiling point:

A

boil & condense at specific temperature

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7
Q

chemical bonds:

A
  • ionic bonds
  • convalent bonds
  • metallic bonds
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8
Q

ionic bonding

A

transfer of electrons from

metal atoms —> non-metal atoms

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9
Q

ionic compounds are

A

giant structures of ions

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10
Q

ionic compounds held together…

A

by strong forces of attractions

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11
Q

ionic compounds:

A

-have high melting + boiling point
-do not conduct electricity when:
solid (ions can’t move)
molten
in solution

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12
Q

convalent bond

A

shared pair of electrons between atoms

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13
Q

convalent bond occurs in:

A
  • non metallic elements (O2)

- compounds of non-metals (SO2)

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14
Q

in order for a covalent bond to bond:

A
  • an electron from each atom is shared

- each atom has a complete outer shell

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15
Q

small molecules

A

contain a relatively small n of non-metal atoms joined together by convalent bonds

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16
Q

molecules=

A
  • no overall electrical charge (can’t conduct electricity)

- usually have low melting & boiling points (weak intermolecular force)

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17
Q

larger molecules:

A

stronger intermolecular force

high melting and boiling point

18
Q

giant convalent bonds:

A

high melting & boiling points

19
Q

diamond

form of carbon

A
  • strong convalent bonds

- does not conduct electricity

20
Q

graphite

form of carbon

A
  • giant convalent structure
  • hexagonal structure
  • weak intermolecular forces
21
Q

graphene

a form of carbon, single layer of graphite

A
  • hexagonal structure
  • one atom thick
  • very strong
  • good thermal + electrical conductor
  • nearly transparent
22
Q

fullerenes:

A
  • contain different n of carbon atoms

- hollow shapes

23
Q

fullerenes can be used:

A
  • to deliver drugs in body
  • in lubricants
  • as a catalyst
  • reinforcing materials (tennis racket)
24
Q

polymers

A
  • very large molecule
  • held together by strong convalent bonds
  • intermolecular force = strong
  • cheap + strong
25
Q

plastics=

A

man made polymers

26
Q

polymers=

A

used to make plastic bottles & bags

27
Q

metallic bonding occurs in:

A
  • metallic elements (iron & copper)

- alloys (stainless steel)

28
Q

metals=

A
  • giant structure

- electrons in outer shell are delocalised

29
Q

delocalised

A

not bound to 1 atom

30
Q

metallic bond

A

attraction between positive ions + delocalised electrons

31
Q

properties for metals

A

delocalised electrons

32
Q

delocalised electrons

A

move freely & transfer energy

—> makes metal good thermal & electrical conductors

33
Q

copper:

A 
unreactive metals (doesn’t react with water)
easily shaped
34
Q

copper uses

A
  • electrical wiring
  • water pipes
  • saucepans
35
Q

copper properties

A

ductile, malleable, good conductivity

37
Q

aluminium uses

A
  • high voltage power cables
  • furniture
  • drink cans
  • food foil wrap
38
Q

aluminium properties

A
  • corrosion resistant
  • ductile
  • good conductivity
  • malleable
  • low density
39
Q

what are alloys?

A

mixtures that contain a metal and at least 1 other element

40
Q

alloys=

A

usually stronger & harder than pure metal

41
Q

gold uses

A
  • jewellery

- electrical junctions

41
Q

gold properties

A
  • ductile
  • shiny
  • good conductivity

chemistry- paper 1 (5 decks)

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