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biology year 1 > 3.2.1.4 - Structure of Prokaryotic Cells > Flashcards

3.2.1.4 - Structure of Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Attachment protein

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2
Q

The nucleic acid in a virus is enclosed within a protein coat called a…

A

capsid

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3
Q

Do prokaryotes have a nucelus?

A

No

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4
Q

Most of the success of bacteria is down to…

A

their small size

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5
Q

Plasmids are useful to scientists when they perform

A

genetic engineering e.g. transfer of human insulin gene to bacterial cells.

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6
Q

Sometimes a virus will have an additional layer of lipid called a..

A

lipid envelope

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7
Q

How do bacteria store energy?

A
  • Glycogen granules
  • Oil droplets
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8
Q

Describe the structure of the genetic information of a prokaryotic cell.

A
  • Main circular strand of DNA not in a nucleus
  • Smaller circular pieces of DNA (plasmids)
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9
Q

What is the function of a plasmid?

A

Small, self replicating circles of DNA that give bbacteria resistance to antibiotics.

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10
Q

Attachment proteins can be found where on a virus?

A
  • In the lipid envelope (if the virus has one)
  • In the capsid (if the virus does not have a lipid envelope.
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11
Q

What are the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A
  • Eukaryotic cells are larger
  • The DNA of Eukaryotic cells is found in a nucleus.
  • Eukaryotic cells have organelles with membranes (mitochondria/chloroplasts etc.)
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12
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Large circle of DNA

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13
Q

What is meant by a membrane bound organelle?

A

An organelles that has its own phospholipid bilayer.

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14
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Lipid envelope

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15
Q

Identify the membrane bound organelles of a eukaroytic cell that would not be present in a prokaryotic cell.

A
  • Mitochondrion
  • Chloroplasts
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Vacuoles
  • Lysosomes
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16
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Genetic material (RNA)

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17
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Cell-surface membrane

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18
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Capsule

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19
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Reverse transcriptase enzyme

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20
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Cell wall (containing murein)

21
Q

The outer layer of mucilagionus slime around a bacterial cell is called the…

A

capsule

22
Q

Do prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded organelles e.g. mitochondrion?

A

No

23
Q

How small are bacteria?

A

0.1-10 µm

24
Q

Are viruses generally bigger or smaller than bacteria?

A

smaller

25
Q

The cell wall of bacteria contains a peptidoglycan (polysaccharide chains with peptide cross-links) called…

A

murein

26
Q

How big is a virus?

A

20-300 nm

27
Q

Give an example of a prokaryote

A

Bacteria

28
Q

Are viruses alive?

A

No as they cannot reproduce without a host. (think MRS GREN)

29
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Ribosome

30
Q

What is the function of the attachment proteins on a virus?

A
  • Identificaiton of a host cell.
  • Attachment to a host cell
31
Q

How can some bacterial cells perform photosynthesis if they do not contain chloroplasts?

A

They contain ‘bacterial chlorophyll’ which is associated with the memrbane of the bacterial cell.

32
Q

Is the DNA of a prokaryotic cell associated with proteins (histones)?

A

No

33
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Plasmid

34
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Matrix

35
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Cytoplasm

36
Q

Prokaryotic cells contain ______ ribosomes. These are smaller than 80S ribsomes that are found in eukaryotic cells.

A

70S

37
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Capsid

38
Q

How do bacterial cells divide?

A

binary fission

39
Q

Desribe 2 aseptic techniques for growing bacteria

A

keep lid on

wear gloves

wash hands

use sterile pipette

flame the neck of the bottle

flame to innoculating loop

40
Q

contrast a human cell with a bacterial cell

(try and think of 5 key features)

A
  1. Bacterial cell is much smaller than a human cell;
  2. Bacterial cell has a cell wall but human cell does not;
  3. Bacterial cell lacks a nucleus but human cell has a nucleus;
  4. Bacterial cell lacks membrane-bound organelles but human cell has membrane-bound organelles;
  5. Bacterial ribosomes smaller than human ribosomes / bacteria have 70S ribosomes whereas humans have 80S ribosomes;
  6. Bacterial DNA is circular but human DNA is linear;
  7. Bacterial DNA is ‘naked’ whereas human DNA is bound to histones/proteins;
41
Q

Describe how bacteria divide

A

binary fission

replcation of DNA (circular)

division of cytoplasm to produce 2 DAUGHTER cells

each with a single copy of DNA

42
Q

When growing bacteria, it is grown on agar, why is the agar boiled before pouring agar plates?

A

to kills unwanted bacteria that could contaminate the plate

43
Q

Give 2 ways in which the DNA of prokaryotic DNA is different to arrangement of DNA in humans

A

Prokaryotic DNA is

  1. Circular (not linear)

2 Not associated with histones/proteins

  1. Only ONE piece of DNA
  2. Plasmids also present
44
Q

Name the main biological molecule in a bacterial cell wall

A

murein or glcoprotein or peptidoglycans

45
Q

name the mani biological molecule in the cell membrane

A

phospholipid

46
Q

name the process by which prokaryotic cells divide

A

binary fission

47
Q

compare the DNA in eukaryotes with prokaryotes

A

nucelotide structure same

joined by phosphodiester bond

DNA same in both

48
Q

contrast the DNA in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

eukaryotic DNA longER

Eukaryotic DNA contains introns prokaryotic DNA does not

eukaryotic DNA linear, prokaryotic circular

eukaryotic DNA associated with proteins, prokaryotic DNA is not

biology year 1 (45 decks)

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