CHAPTERS 1,3,4,6 Flashcards
What is the relationship of structure and function?
Structure mirrors function. bones of the skull are heavy and secure to protect brain function. the air sacs of the lungs permit diffusion of gases from the lungs.
What are the subdivisions of anatomy?
The two subdivisions of anatomy are surface anatomy which is the study of form and markings of the surface of the body.
Gross anatomy is formed of systematic approach which is the study of all blood vessels, or all of the muscles or all the bones.
-Regional approach is all anatomical structures of a specific region. thorax or the head and neck.
What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?
Chemical -Atomic -Molecular Cellular Tissue Organ System Organism
List and explain the 6 essential life processes.
- Metabolism, is the sum of all the catabolic and anabolic chemical processes that occur in the body
- Responsiveness, is the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes.
- Movement, is any motion, including movement of tiny sub cellular structures.
- Growth, involves increase in body size due to an increase in cells, number of cells or both
- Differentiation, is the development of a cell from an unspecialized state.
- Reproduction, is the formation of new cells or the production of a new individual.
Why is homeostasis important?
Homeostasis is the balance in the body’s internal environment.It is a dynamic condition meant to keep the body functions in the narrow range compatible with maintaining life.
Name 6 important body fluids.
- Intracellular fluid, is the fluid in the cells
- Extracellular fluid, fluid outside the cells.
- Blood plasma, is the (ECF) within blood vessels.
- Lymph, is the (ECF) within lymphatic vessels.
- Synovia fluid, is the (ECF) in joints
- Aqueous humor, is the (ECF) in the eyes.
What are the positive and negative feedback loops & their connection to the maintenance of homeostasis?
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What are the 11 organ systems
- Integumentary system, consists of skin related structures (hair, nails and glands). It protects the regulates temperature and eliminates wastes.
- Skeletal System, consists of bones and joints. Provides protection and support, houses cells that will become red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
- Muscular System, consists of the named skeletal muscles as well as smooth and cardiac muscle, helps with movement and generates heat.
- Cardiovascular, consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels. It carries blood and nutrients to specific locations.
- Lymphatic System, consists of the lymphatic fluid, lymph nodes and lymphocytes, it transports fats and proteins to the cardiovascular system and filters blood and protects against disease.
- Urinary system, consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Its the collection and excretion of waste in the urine.
- Reproductive system, consists of ovaries, uterus, vagina and testes and penis in me.
What direction is superior?
Above, top, toward head
What direction is Inferior?
Below, bottom, away from head
What direction is Anterior (ventral)?
Toward the front
What direction is Posterior (Dorsal)?
Toward the back
Where is medial located?
Toward the Midline
Where is is Intermediate located?
Between medial and lateral.
Where is Lateral located?
to the left or right of the medial.
What direction is proximal?
Nearest to the origination .
What direction is distal?
Farther from the origination.
What side is ipsilateral?
Same side of the body (left hand left foot)
What side is contralateral?
Opposite side of the body (left hand, right foot)
What is superficial?
towards the surface of the skin
What is the meaning of deep as far as direction?
towards the core of the body.
Visceral
pertains to a covering over an organ
Parietal
pertains to a covering against a cavity wall.
What is the cranial
Skull
What is the cervical
Neck
What is the cubital
Elbow tunnel
What is the carpal
Wrist
What is the patellar
Front of the knee
What is the orbital
Eye
What is the thoracic
chest
What is the inguinal
groin
What is the metacarpal
hand/palm
What is the plantar
sole of foot
What is the buccal
cheek
What is the axillary
armpit
What is the femoral
thigh
What is the gluteal
buttock
What is the tarsal
ankle
What is the digital
toes
What is the phalangeal
fingers
What view is Sagittal?
(midline) divides the body into left and right sides Frontal (coronal)
What body plane is Transverse
Horizontal also called cross-sectional divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.
What body plane is Frontal
Frontal or Coronal planes divide the body (or and organ) into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions,