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C-4 Boilers, Steamfitting and Process Piping > Boilers > Flashcards

Boilers Flashcards

1
Q

Steam is produced as water is heated at its boiling point at ___ F

A

212F at atm

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2
Q

Thermal efficiency

A

Ratio of heat absorbed by the water to the heat provided by the fuel.

I.e. - 100% thermal efficiency occurs when all heat supplied by the fuel is absorbed by water in the boiler

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3
Q

Feedwater

A

Combination of condensate and make-up water. Is also treated.

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4
Q

Fahrenheit conversion

A

F = (1.8 x C) + 32

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5
Q

Complete combustion

A

Combustion that occurs when all fuel is burned using the minimum amount of air above the theoretical amount of air required to burn the fuel

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6
Q

Approximately how many lbs of air is required to burn a lb of fuel?

A

14-15lb

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7
Q

MATT

A

M - mixture of fuel and air
A - atomization to break up fuel into small particles to max contact of fuel with air
T - temperature
T - time required to achieve complete combustion

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8
Q

Fire tube boiler

A

A boiler in which heat and gases of combustion pass through tubes surrounded by water

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9
Q

Water tube boiler

A

Water passes through tubes surrounded by gases of combustion

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10
Q

A low pressure steam heating boiler is a boiler operated at pressures of not more than ___

A

15 psi

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11
Q

A low pressure hot water heating boiler is a boiler in which water is heated for the purpose of supplying hot water at pressures of not more than ____ and temperatures of not more than ____

A

160psi

250F

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12
Q

Which section in the ASME code applies to steam boilers up to 15psi?

A

Section IV

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13
Q

Which section of the ASME code capture the requirements for power boilers for industrial processes?

A

Section I

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14
Q

The safety valve capacity must equal or exceed the boiler______

A

Pounds per hour rating

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15
Q

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code states that all boilers with more than 500sqft of heating surface shall have ?

A

Two or more safety valves

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16
Q

The capacity of the safety valve must be large enough that what for low and high pressure boilers?

A

LP - cannot rise more than 5 psi above the MAWP

HP - cannot rise more than 6% above the highest pressure at which any valve is set, but not 6% above the MAWP.

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17
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

Weight of water (.433 psi per vertical foot)

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18
Q

At what temperature do minerals and salt form scale?

A

150F approximately

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19
Q

Continuous blowdown

A

A blowdown that discharges boiler at a controlled rate to regulate proper chemical concentration in the boiler water.

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20
Q

Operating Control

A

Pressure control that senses steam pressure and automatically signals the burner to initiate the start-up sequence when steam pressure is needed and initiate the burner shutdown sequence when steam demand is met.

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21
Q

High Limit Control

A

Pressure control that senses steam pressure automatically shutdown the burner if the operating control fails.

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22
Q

ASME Controls and Safety Devices for Automatically Fired Boilers (CSD-1) requires a high limit control to have?

A

A manual reset that requires the operator to reset the control before operation can be restarted

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23
Q

Modulating Control

A

A pressure control that works with the operating control to vary the burner firing rate

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24
Q

Water expanding into steam has an expansion rate of approximately ______ times its original volume at atmospheric pressure.

A

1600

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25
Q

To change 1lb of water at 212F to 1lb of steam at 212F requires _____ BTU.

A

970.3

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26
Q

Every 11 degrees added to the feedwater prior to going into the boiler increases boiler efficiency by?

A

1%

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27
Q

Thermostatic steam trap

A

Has a bellows filled with a fluid that boils at steam temperature. The bellows expands or contracts depending on whether it is surrounded by steam or condensate.

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28
Q

Float thermostatic steam trap

A

Has a ball float that opens and closes a discharge valve depending on the amount of condensate in the chamber

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29
Q

Inverted Bucket Steam Trap

A

Steam enters the bottom and flows into an inverted bucket.

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30
Q

Distillate Fuel

A

Fuel oil that has low viscosity and includes No. 1 and No. 2 fuel oil

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31
Q

Therm

A

The quantity of gas required to produce 100,000 btu

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32
Q

How many lbs of air is needed to burn a pound of fuel.

A

14 to 15 lbs of air

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33
Q

Air proving switch

A

An air pressure-actuated switch that closes after proving sufficient pressure of combustion air from the forced draft fan.

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34
Q

Turndown ratio

A

Is the ratio of the maximum firing rate of the burner to the minimum rate

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35
Q

Draft

A

The flow of air or gases of combustion caused by a difference in pressure between two points

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36
Q

Breeching

A

A duct used for the transport of gases of combustion from the boiler to the stack

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37
Q

Induced draft

A

Mechanical draft from air pulled through the boiler furnace with fans located in the breeching

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38
Q

Manometer

A

A device that measures draft by comparing pressures at two location and is measured in inches or tenths of an inch

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39
Q

Draft can be converted to pressure by multiplying inches of water column times ______.

A

0.036

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40
Q

Stack condensation in conventional boilers is most likely to occur?

A

In heating boiler installations where light loads and intermittent firing cause a cool stack condition.

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41
Q

The feedwater is heated to a maximum of _____ for reducing the amount of dissolved ______ and _______ in the feedwater.

A

210F; oxygen ; carbon dioxide

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42
Q

Boiler water pH typically should be between ?

A

10 and 11.5

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43
Q

ASME Symbol Stamps

S
A
E
V
M
L
PP
H
A 
S - Power Boiler
A - Boiler Assembly
E - Electric Boiler
V - Safety Valve
M - Miniature Boiler
L - Locomotive Boiler
PP - Pressure Piping
H - Heating Boiler
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44
Q

A pressure reducing valve for make-up water on a low pressure boiler system should reduce the pressure to:

A

12-18psi

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45
Q

The aquastat starts and stops the burner based on different demands depending on boiler type. What is it for hot water? Steam?

A

Hot water - water temperature demand

Steam - pressure control based on pressure demand

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46
Q

The pressure relief valve on a low pressure hot water boiler cannot exceed _____ or the MAWP designated on the boiler.

A

160 psi

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47
Q

One-pipe hot water heating system

A

One pipe to supply heated water from the boiler in a loop to return the water through the same pipe

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48
Q

One-pipe series system

A

Circulates water through one pipe that loops through each heating unit in order

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49
Q

One-pipe primary-secondary system

A

Use diverted valves to control water through a secondary loop to the heating unit

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50
Q

Two-pipe hot water heating system

A

One pipe to supply heated water from the boiler and one pipe to return water to the boiler

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51
Q

Two-pipe direct return system

A

Circulates supply water in the opposite direction of the circulation of the return water

52
Q

Two-pipe reverse return system

A

Circulates supply water in the same direction as return water

53
Q

Modulation

A

Accomplished by reducing the fuel and air input to the combustion process. Similar to changing the throttle setting on an internal combustion engine.

54
Q

Turndown ratio

A

The ability of a boiler to reduce its heat output rate. Is the reciprocal of the lowest possible decimal percentage of full-heat output rate the boiler can maintain.

I.e. - a boiler can maintain stable operation down to 20% of its maximum heat output rate, it would have a turndown ratio of 5:1.

55
Q

Unconfined space

A

Must have a minimum of 50ft^3 volume per 1000 btu/hr. Of gas input rating of all gas-fired appliances in that space.

56
Q

The NFPA code states that the minimum dimension of any rectangular supply air duct is ____ inches and any screening covering these openings cannot be finer than _____ inch mesh.

A

3 inches

1/4 inches

57
Q

The number of blowdowns require is determined by?

A

Feedwater analysis

58
Q

A ____ pump is a boiler accessory that draws condensate back from the system by producing a negative pressure on the condensate return lines

A

Vacuum

59
Q

Oxygen in the boiler water causes

A

Pitting

60
Q

A therm is equivalent to____ BTU

A

100,000

61
Q

A ____ draft fan is located before the furnace

A

forced

62
Q

Impurities that increase the surface tension of boiler water are removed with a ____ blowdown

A

Surface

63
Q

The primary function of the water column on a low pressure boiler is to _____

A

Reduce water movement

64
Q

The boiler vent is opened when ____

A

warming and draining the boiler

65
Q

A low water condition requires _____ immediately

A

securing fuel to the burner

66
Q

CO in the flue gas is an indication of _____ combustion

A

incomplete

67
Q

T/F - Oxygen is required for teh combustion of fuel

A

True

68
Q

T/F - A siphon is located between the boiler and steam pressure gauge to prevent water from entering the Bourdon Tube.

A

False

69
Q

T/F - At the NOWL, the gauge glass is approximately half full.

A

True

70
Q

T/F - A low water conditon in the boiler can cause overheating of the tubes.

A

True

71
Q

T/F - City Water does not require treatment for use in a boiler

A

False

72
Q

T/F - Steam traps, prevent the flow of condensate back to the deewater pump

A

False

73
Q

T/F - Clogged fuel oil strainers cause high suction readings

A

True

74
Q

T/F - Anthracite coal is hard coal

A

True

75
Q

T/F - Draft is measrured with a manometer

A

True

76
Q

T/F - Sludge is removed from teh boile with a surface blowdown

A

False

77
Q

T/F - A dearator is a boiler water treatment accessory that heats feewater to the temperature of saturated steam within the pressure vessel.

A

True

78
Q

T/F - All valves are closed when completing a dry lay-up

A

True

79
Q

T/F - The boiler room log is used to record boiler operation events.

A

True

80
Q

T/F - Forced circulation hot water heating systems are more common in a large building than natural circulation hot water heating systems.

A

True

81
Q

T/F - The pressure reducing valve in a hot water heating system regulates the water pressure of water returning from heating units

A

False

82
Q

T/F - A boiler is an open vessel in which water is transformed into steam under pressure by the application of heat

A

False

83
Q

T/F - An HRT boiler is a watertube boiler

A

False

84
Q

In a watertube boiler, the ____ passes through the tubes and the ____ passes across the ourside surface of the tubes.

A

water; combustion gases

85
Q

The three most common fuels used in steam production are _____

A

natural gas, fuel oil, coal

86
Q

T/F - In a natural draft furnace, the amount of draft, is affected by the height of the stack

A

True

87
Q

Fuel oil grades commonly used in boilers are designated by No. ____ for the lightest grade of fueld oil through No.____ for the heavies grade of fuel oil.

A

2; 6

88
Q

A boiler has quick - and slow-opening blowdown valves . The sequence used for the blowdown is_____

A

open quick-opening, open slow-opening, close slow-opening, close quick-opening

89
Q

The most important boiler fitting is the _____

A

safety valve

90
Q

The valve with the least amount of restriction is the _____ valve.

A

Gate

91
Q

Steam boiler safety valves must be sized to prevent steam pressure from exceeding the MAWP by ____%

A

6%

92
Q

Flame safeguard systems can monitor ______

A

pilot and main flame

93
Q

Sensors used for flame detection in boilers include ____

A

lead sulfide cell, ultraviolet scanneer, thermocouple

94
Q

A ___ blowdown is performed to remove sludge from the boiler

A

bottom

95
Q

a pH level of 7.0 is an indication that the boiler water is _____

A

neutral, neither basic or acidic

96
Q

At seal level, atmospheric pressure is approximately ___ psia

A

14.7

97
Q

Specific gravity is the ratio of weight of a volume of a substance to the weight of the same volume of _____

A

water

98
Q

Heat transfer can occur by ___

A

conduction, convection, radiation

99
Q

Water weighs approximately ____ lb/gal

A

8.3

100
Q

Boiler safety valves should be repaired by a ____

A

authorized safety valve repair company

101
Q

T/F - MSDSs should only be available to supervisors and managers

A

False

102
Q

T/F - The EPA does not regulate discharges of waste water from utility and industrial boiles

A

False

103
Q

Foaming of boiler water from floating foreign matter causes an increase in ______

A

surface tension

104
Q

Blowing down is most effective during a period when the steam output is _____

A

at a low rate

105
Q

The water column must be located ___

A

at the normal operating water level

106
Q

A boiler that is priming has ____

A

water carried over with the steam

107
Q

If the low water alarm sounds ____

A

secure the fires

108
Q

A feedwater pump can become steambound from _____

A

feedwater temperature too high

109
Q

Infrared or ultraviolet rays are sensed by the _____

A

flame scanner

110
Q

As the steam pressure increases in a boiler, there is a corresponding increase in the _____

A

boiler temperature of the water in the boiler

111
Q

Complete combustion is _____

A

burning all the fuel with the theoretical amount of air

112
Q

When testing a safety valve by hand on a low pressure steam boiler, the boiler must be at a minimum pressure of ____ before the try lever can be lifted without damaging the valve

A

5 psi

113
Q

Draft in a boiler is a measured in _____

A

inches of water

114
Q

A positive pressure before the furnace indicates ____ draft

A

forced

115
Q

Preparation for a boiler inspection requires having the boiler _____

A

cool, opened and thoroughly cleaned

116
Q

The firing rate of the burner is controlled by ____

A

modulating pressuretrol

117
Q

A fan located between the breeching and the stack is a ___

A

induced draft fan

118
Q

Class ____ fires are electrical fires, such as motor or transformer fires

A

C

119
Q

A main steam stop valve would most likely be an ____

A

os&y gate valve

120
Q

The evaporation of 34.5 pounds of water per hour from and at 212F is defined as ______

A

one boiler horsepower

121
Q

A compound gauge is a pressure gauge that indicates _____

A

vacuum in inches of mercury or pressure in psi on the same gauge

122
Q

When burning No. 6 fuel oil, a ____ is required.

A

Fuel oil heater

123
Q

A ____ prevents the flow of boiler water back to the city water supply.

A

backflow preventer

124
Q

The amount of british thermal units (BTU) per pound or gallon of fuel is the _____.

A

heating value

125
Q

____ is the accumulation of minerals such as calcium and magnesium on boiler heating surfaces.

A

Scale

126
Q

Tubes in a firetube boiler are mounted into the _____ located at the front and rear of the boiler.

A

tube sheet

C-4 Boilers, Steamfitting and Process Piping (3 decks)

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