GP Flashcards
How is blood pressure displayed
Systolic over diastolic
How is BMI calculated and what BMI is seen as overweight
BMI= weight (kg) divided by height (cm)
25-29.9 considered overweight
Where is cholesterol made and discuss good and bad cholesterol
Made in liver
High density lipoprotein -good
Low density lipoprotein - bad
Describe what blood pressure reading would be described as hypertension
BP over 140/90 in clinic
135/85 at home
Describe the treatment and medication for high blood pressure
Lifestyle advice - eg quit smoking, avoid salt
Medication
Over 55- calcium channel blocker
Under 55- ACE inhibitor
What are the rates of obesity
1 in 4 adults
1 in 5 children
What is it called when there are raised cholesterol levels in the blood
Hypercholesterolaemia
Name the types of diabetes and the differences between them
Type 1- onset in childhood
Type 2 - onset later in life and linked to diet
Type 1- insulin is not produced due to obstruction of beta cells
What is angina
The heart doesn’t get enough oxygen
It is linked to coronary artery disease
What is a heart attack and how is it treated
A narrowing or blockage to the heart which is permanent
Treated with aspirin, GTN spray
What is heart failure
Heart is less able to pump blood successfully around the body.
It is progressive
Can be treated by lifestyle changes and some medications
What is atrial fibrillation
- an irregular heartbeat
- atria uncoordinated
1. 5% people over 60
What are the causes and symptoms of atrial fibrillation
Causes- cardiac eg heart failure, hypertension, cardiac ischaemia
- non cardiac eg pneumonia, hyperthyroidism
Alcohol
Symptoms
- breathlessness
- palpitations
- chest discomfort
- irregular pulse
What can be used to manage heart palpitations
Beta blockers Anti coagulation (warfarin)
What is asthma
An inflammatory condition of the airways
