Large Vessels

Question 1

What are the branches of the subclavian artery? From proximal to distal?

Answer 1

1. Vertebral artery
2. Internal thoracic artery
3. Thyocervical trunk gives rise to the ff: Transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery, Inferior thyroid artery (gives rise to Ascending cervical artery), costocervical trunk (gives rise to deep cervical and superior intercosta arteries)

Question 2

What are the branches of the thyocervical trunk of the Subclavian artery?

Answer 2

Thyocervical trunk gives rise to the ff: Transverse cervical artery, Ascending cervical artery, Inferior thyroid artery

Question 3

What is the most common congenital arch anomaly?

Answer 3

Left arch with an aberrant right subclavian artery

(ARSCA). 0.4-2% of all cases

Question 4

What is an aberrant right subclavian artery?

Answer 4

The ARSCA arises as the LAST arch branch and
crosses the mediastinum from left to right behind the
esophagus

Question 5

What does a right sided aortic arch mean? What is the most common form?

Answer 5

Mirror image of normal aortic arch. Descends down the right side instead of the left. RAA
with aberrant left subclavian artery (ALSCA). Order of appearance of vessels on angio: left CCA, right CCA, right SCA, left SCA

Question 6

Where does the ascending cervical artery originate from?

Answer 6

Inferior thyroid artery which in turn comes from the thyocervical trunk of the subclavian artery

Question 7

Why is there blush on selective subclavian artery injection?

Answer 7

because of the thyroid supplied by the inferior thyroid artery (&laquo_space;thyocervical trunk &laquo_space;subclavian artery)

Question 8

At what cervical level does the vertebral artery enter the foramen transversarium as it ascends from the subclavian artery?

Answer 8

C6.

Question 9

What are the primitive structures that eventually for the vertebral arteries?

Answer 9

The seven cervical intersegmental arteries form the vertebral artery while the two longitudinal neural arteries (precursor: dorsal plexi) form the basilar artery

Question 10

Name the connections of the longitudinal neural arteries and the internal carotid arteries.

Answer 10

From most anterior to most posterior. 
Trigeminal
Otic
Hypoglossal
Proatlantal

Question 11

The C7 intersegmental arteries form the?

Answer 11

Subclavian arteries

Question 12

What forms the common carotid arteries and internal carotid arteries?

Answer 12

CCA: 3rd aortic arch
ICA: Proximal from 3rd aortic arch– Distal from Dorsal aorta

Question 13

What are the primitive structures that form the aorta starting from the ascending to the descending part?

Answer 13

Ascending: Truncus arteriosus
Ascending and part of arch: Ventral aorta
Arch: 4th aortic arch
Descending: Dorsal aorta

Question 14

The ventral aorta is also known as?

Answer 14

The aortic sac

Question 15

Which aortic arch never really develops or forms?

Answer 15

Fifth aortic arch

Question 16

When do the 6th arches form?

Answer 16

29th day

Question 17

The 2nd arches turn into?

Answer 17

The Hyoid and Stapedial arteries

Question 18

The 6th aortic arch forms which primitive artery? What does this primitive artery form?

Answer 18

Ductus arteriosus which then becomes the pulmonary arteries

Question 19

Besides the common carotid and the proximal carotid artery what else forms from the 3rd aortic arch?

Answer 19

ECA via a de novo sprout

Question 20

What are the precursors of the brachiocephalic artery?

Answer 20

The 3rd and 4th aortic arches

Question 21

Describe the aortic isthmus?

What is found after the isthmus?

Answer 21

A narrowing of the aorta between the left subclavian artery and site of the ductus arteriosus. A feature of the fetal aortal that my persist into adulthood.

Aortic spindle– enlargement

Question 22

At what vertebral level does the thoracic aorta begin?

Answer 22

4th

Question 23

At what week does the aorta and great vessel approach their definitive configurations?

Answer 23

Week 8

Question 24

Besides the distal ICAs the dorsal aortae also become?

Answer 24

Right Dorsal aorta: subclavian artery

Left Dorsal aorta: descending aorta

Question 25

What structures lie anterior and posterior to the aortic arch?

Answer 25

Anterior
The left vagus nerve (cranial nerve X [eN X]) and cervical
sympathetic branches lie in front of the aortic arch.

Posterior
The trachea, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus,
thoracic duct, and vertebral column lie behind the arch.

Question 26

What is the most common variant of the aortic arch found in 25-30% of patients?

Answer 26

The innominate/brachiocephalic artery sharing the same origin with the left common carotid artery on the arch. Followed by the LCCA coming from the brachiocephalic artery.