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Isaac's Physics > P4 complete > Flashcards

P4 complete Flashcards

1
Q

What is a contact force?

A

Contact forces are push forces that two touching objects always exert on each other

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2
Q

What is a non-contact force?

A

Non-contact forces are forces between two objects that aren’t touching

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3
Q

An example of a gravitational force? Which is a non contact force.

A

Attractive forces between the Earth and Sun.

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4
Q

Name three non contact forces.

A

Gravitational, Electrostatic and Magnetic forces.

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5
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law?

What are the classifications for an interaction pair? (4) things

A

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite.
Interaction pair = Same type, same size, opposite direction and on a different object.

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6
Q

What do vector quantities tell you (2).

And names some vectors.

A

Vector quantities tell you both size and direction.

Force, velocity, displacement and acceleration.

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7
Q

What do scalar quantities tell you?.

And names some scalars.

A

Scalar quantities tell you size

Some scalars are: mass, speed distance and time

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8
Q

Weight is what?

A

A downwards force

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9
Q

Motion can be described in three ways…

A

The moving object can be described by it’s speed, direction of travel and whether its changing speed.

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10
Q

What is acceleration?

A

How quickly you are speeding up.

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11
Q

Give an example of investigating motion.

A

You can investigate the motion of a trolley on a ramp.

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12
Q

What do distance-time graphs tell you?

Make sure you know what they are

A

How far something has travelled.

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13
Q

How can you find the average speed on a distance time graph?

A

Finding the gradient of that given part on the line, if it was a curve you would draw a tangent

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14
Q

What do velocity-time graphs tell you?

Make sure you know what they are

A

Used to find average speed

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15
Q

How do you find distance travelled on a velocity time graph?

A

Adding up squares under graph and two partially shaded squares makes one square.

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16
Q

What do free body diagrams show?

What is important to remember about the arrows?

A

All the forces acting on an object.

The arrows show the relative magnitudes of the forces and their directions in which the forces are acting.

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17
Q

What do resultant forces tell you?

A

The overall force on a point or object.

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18
Q

What can scale drawings be used for?

A

To help find resultant forces. Again relative to the measurements provided.

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19
Q

What does an object in equilibrium mean?

If forces acting on an object combine to give a total of zero the object is in equilibrium.

A

All the forces acting on the object are balanced.

20
Q

Gravity is the force attraction between all masses.

What is special about a gravitational field?

A

Everything that has a mass, has a gravitational field around it.

21
Q

What was Newton’s first law?

A

If the resultant force on a moving object is zero, it will just carry on moving at a constant speed in a straight line.

22
Q

Newton’s law applied to stationary objects.

A

If the resultant force on a stationary object is zero, the object will remain stationary.

23
Q

What three things can happen in the resultant force that acts on an object is zero?

A
  • Object will speed up
  • Object will slow down
  • Object will change direction
24
Q

What do objects in a circular motion have? (2)

A

Constant speed

Changing velocity

25
Q

What is the law of conservation of momentum?

A

In a collision when no other external forces act, momentum is conserved.

26
Q

What is inertia?

A

Inertia is the tendency for an object’s motion to remain unchanged (stationary objects stay stationary. Moving objects keep moving)

27
Q

What are levers?

A

Levers transfer the rotational effect of a force - push one end of a lever down and the rotation around the pivot causes the other end to rise.

28
Q

What are gears?

A

Gears are circular discs with ‘teeth’ around their edge

  • they turn making other gears turn
  • when a force is applied it creates movement
29
Q

How can you measure reaction time?

A

Ruler drop test.

30
Q

What is the equation for stopping distances?

A

Reaction distance + Breaking distance

31
Q

What two main factors affect the reaction distance when a vehicle needs to stop suddenly?

A

Your reaction time

Your speed

32
Q

Name three factors affecting the breaking distance.

A

Your speed
The mass of your vehicle
The condition of your brakes
Tyre grip

33
Q

What does braking rely on?

A

Friction between the brakes and wheels.

34
Q

What is reaction distance?

A

How far you travel in the time it takes you to react.

-this work done between the brakes and wheels transfers energy away from the kinetic energy stores of the wheels

35
Q

What is braking distance?

A

The distance you travel once the breaks have been applied.

36
Q

Name dangers of large decelerations.

A
  • More momentum a car has the faster it is going:
  • means it changing in a short amount of time will mean the force acting on the car and passengers are very large.
  • Brakes could overheat or they could cause the vehicle to skid.
  • Force on an object can be lowered by slowing the object down over a longer time.
37
Q

What is work done?

A

When a force makes an object move, Energy is transferred.

38
Q

Energy is always conserved.

If a force does work on an object and it increases its velocity energy is transferred to what store?

A

The kinetic energy store

39
Q

What does it mean if there’s no friction?

A

Energy in the kinetic energy store will equal the work done on the object by the force.

40
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

When an object is any height above the earth’s surface, it will have energy in the gravitational potential energy store.

41
Q

When does an object have energy in its kinetic energy store?

A

When it is moving.

42
Q

A ball thrown upwards or rolling up a slope. What stores are used and how is the energy transferred?

A

Energy transferred mechanically

From kinetic store to gpe store.

43
Q

A car slowing down. What stores are used and how is the energy transferred?

A

Work is done
Energy transferred mechanically
From kinetic store of the car to thermal stores of the brakes

44
Q

A skydiver falling to Earth. What stores are used and how is the energy transferred?

A

Energy transferred mechanically

From gpe store of the skydiver to his kinetic energy store.

45
Q

What is power

A

The rate at which energy is transferred per second.

Isaac's Physics (6 decks)

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