Chapter 11

Question 1

Motives

Answer 1

Internal state that arouse and direct behavior toward specific objects or goals.

Question 2

Needs

Answer 2

State of tension within a person.

Question 3

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 3

An individual’s various needs can be thought of as existing at different levels of strength.

Question 4

Dynamic

Answer 4

Mutual influence of forces within a person, the interaction of various motives within a person.

Question 5

Achievement

Answer 5

To master, manipulate, or organize others, objects, or ideas. To accomplish difficult tasks, and to do this as rapidly and independently as possible.

Question 6

Exhibition

Answer 6

To be seen and heard, to be the center of attention. To make an impression on others.

Question 7

Order

Answer 7

To put things in orderly arrangement, to desire cleanliness, organization, balance, neatness, and precision.

Question 8

Dominance

Answer 8

To seek to influence or direct the behavior of others by persuasion, command, suggestion, or seduction.

Question 9

Abasement

Answer 9

To accept injury, criticism, and blame. To submit passively to external force, to resign oneself to fate.

Question 10

Aggression

Answer 10

To overcome opposition forcefully. To avenge an injury.

Question 11

Autonomy

Answer 11

To shake off restraint, break our of confines. To get free, to resist coercion and restriction.

Question 12

Blame-Avoidance

Answer 12

To avoid humiliation at all costs. To avoid situations that may lead to embarrassment or belittlement.

Question 13

Affilliation

Answer 13

To enjoy cooperation or reciprocal interaction with similar others. To draw near to others.

Question 14

Nurturance

Answer 14

To take care of others in need, to give sympathy and gratify the needs of helpless others, such as a child, or someone who is weak, disabled, inexperienced, infirm, humiliated, lonely, dejected, or confused.

Question 15

Succor

Answer 15

To receive aid from others. To have one’s needs gratified by another, to be nursed, supported, protected, advised, or consoled.

Question 16

Press

Answer 16

Need-relevant aspects of the environment.

Question 17

Alpha Press

Answer 17

Real environment.

Question 18

Beta Press

Answer 18

Perceived Environment.

Question 19

Apperception

Answer 19

Act of interpreting the environment and perceiving the meaning of what is going on in a situation.

Question 20

Thematic Apperception Test

Answer 20

A lot of ink blots on a frame, and the person is to make and identity a story to that picture.

Question 21

State Levels

Answer 21

A person’s momentary amount of a specific need, which can fluctuate with specific circumstances.

Question 22

Trait Levels

Answer 22

Measuring a person’s average tendency, or their set point, on the specific trait.

Question 23

Multi-Motive Grid

Answer 23

Combines features of the TAT with features of self-report questionnaires.

Question 24

Self-Attributed Motivation

Answer 24

A person’s self-awareness of their own conscious motives or normative beliefs about desirable goals and modes of conduct.

Question 25

Need for Achievement

Answer 25

The desire to do better, to be successful, and to feel competent.

Question 26

Independence Training

Answer 26

Parents can behave in ways that promote autonomy and independence in their children.

Question 27

Need for Power

Answer 27

A readiness or preference for having an impact on other people.

Question 28

Responsibility Training

Answer 28

Life experiences that provide opportunities to learn to behave responsibly.

Question 29

Power Stress

Answer 29

When people do not get their way, or when their power is challenged or blocked, they are likely to show strong stress responses.

Question 30

Need for Intimacy

Answer 30

Recurrent preference or readiness for warm, close, and communicative interaction with others.

Question 31

Humanistic Tradition

Answer 31

Emphasis on the role of choice in human life, as well as the influence of responsibility on creating a meaningful and satisfying life.

Question 32

Physiological Needs

Answer 32

Needs that are of prime importance to the immediate survival of the individual.

Question 33

Safety Needs

Answer 33

Needs that have to do with shelter and security, such as having a place to live and being free from the threat of danger.

Question 34

Belongingness Needs

Answer 34

Needs that fulfill social belongingness by being accepted by others and welcomed into a group.

Question 35

Esteem Needs

Answer 35

Fulfillment of needs from your esteem of yourself and from others.

Question 36

Self-Actualization Need

Answer 36

Need to develop one’s potential, to become the person one was meant to be.

Question 37

Fully Functioning Person

Answer 37

Person who is on their way toward self-actualization.

Question 38

Positive Regard

Answer 38

Children are born wanting to beloved and accepted by their parents and others.

Question 39

Conditions of Worth

Answer 39

Requirements set forth by parents or significant others for earning their positive regard.

Question 40

Conditional Positive Regard

Answer 40

Positive regard, when it must be earned by meeting certain conditions.

Question 41

Unconditional Positive Regard

Answer 41

When the parents and significant others accept the child without conditions, communicating that they love and value the child because the child just is.

Question 42

Positive Self-Regard

Answer 42

People are free to accept themselves, even their own weaknesses and shortcomings.

Question 43

Anxiety

Answer 43

Result of having an experience that does not fit with one’s self-conception.

Question 44

Distortion

Answer 44

People who modify their experience rather than their self-image to reduce the threat.

Question 45

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 45

Ability to know one’s own emotions, to regulate these emotions, motivate oneself, to know how others are feeling, and the ability to influence how others are feeling.

Question 46

Client-Centered Therapy

Answer 46

Client is never given an interpretation of their problem. The therapist tries to create the right conditions in which the client can change themselves.

Question 47

Core Conditions

Answer 47

Three conditions: an atmosphere of genuine acceptance on the part of the therapist, the therapist must express unconditional positive regard for the client, and the client must feel that the therapist understands them.

Question 48

Empathy

Answer 48

Understanding the other person from their point of view.