Chapter 30 The Great Depression and World War II Flashcards
New Deal
887
Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s plan to reform capitalism through forceful government intervention in the economy.
Popular Front
888
A New Deal-inspired party in France that encouraged unions and launched a far-reaching program of social reform.
Totalitarianism
891
A radical dictatorship that exercises complete political power and control over all aspects of society and seeks to mobilize the masses for action.
Fascism
892
A movement characterized by extreme, often expansionist nationalism, anti-socialism, a dynamic and violent leader, and glorification of war and the military.
Five Year Plan
893
Launched by Stalin in 1928 and termed the “revolution from above,” its goal was to modernize the Soviet Union and generate a Communist society with new attitudes, new loyalties, and a new socialist humanity.
New Economic Policy NEP
893
Lenin’s 1921 policy re-establishing limited economic freedom in an attempt to rebuild agricultural and industry in the face of economic disintegration.
Collectivization
894
Stalin’s forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms into large, state-controlled enterprises
Black Shirts
899
A private army under Mussolini that destroyed Socialist newspapers, union halls, and Socialist party headquarters, eventually pushing Socialists out of the city governments of Northern Italy.
Lateran Agreement
900
A 1929 agreement that recognized the Vatican as an independent state, with Mussolini agreeing to give the church heavy financial support in return for the pope’s public support.
Nazism
900
A movement born of extreme nationalism and racism and dominated by Adolf Hitler from 1933 until the end of World War II in 1945.
Enabling Act
901
An act pushed through the Reichstag by the Nazis that gave Hitler absolute dictatorial power for four years.
Blitzkrieg
906
“Lightning war” using planes, tanks, and trucks, first used by Hitler to crush Poland in four weeks.
New Order
907
Hitler’s program, based on the guiding principle of racial imperialism, which gave preferential treatment to the Nordic peoples above “inferior” Latin peoples and, at the bottom, “subhuman” Slavs and Jews
Holocaust
908
The attempted systematic extermination of all European Jews and other “undesirables” by the Nazi state during World War II.
Europe First Policy
912
The military strategy, set forth by Churchill and adopted by Roosevelt, that called for the defeat of Hitler in Europe before the United States launched an all-out strike against Japan in the Pacific.
