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Theriogenology > Breeding > Flashcards

Breeding Flashcards

1
Q

Serum Progesterone

Anestrus

A

0.2-1

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2
Q

Serum Progesterone

Proestrus

A

0.2-1

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3
Q

Serum Progesterone

LH surge

A

1.5-1.8

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4
Q

Serum Progesterone

Ovulation

A

4-6

Takes two days to mature

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5
Q

Serum Progesterone

Fertilization period

A

12-16
(8-20+)

If levels do not reach this than transition of follicle failed

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6
Q

Serum Progesterone

Cervical Closure

A

20+

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7
Q

Serum Progesterone

Diestrus early

A

20-40

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8
Q

Serum Progesterone

Diestrus late

A

40-10

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9
Q

Serum Progesterone

Pregnancy loss

A

<5-10

To maintain need 10+

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10
Q

Serum Progesterone

Labor onset in 8-24 hours

A

<2

Quick drop

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11
Q

Serum Progesterone

Termination of pregnancy

A

<1

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12
Q 
Onset proestrus 
LH surge (+/- days)
A

-25 to -3

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13
Q

Maximum vaginal cornification
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: -1 to 7

Ovulation: -4 to 4

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14
Q

Estradiol peak
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: -3 to -1

Ovulation: -6 to -4

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15
Q

Start of estrus behavior
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: -4 to 5

Ovulation: -7 to 2

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16
Q

Progesterone 1 to 2 ng/ml
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: -1 to 0

Ovulation: -4 to -3

17
Q

LH Surge
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: 0

Ovulation: -2 to 3

18
Q

Ovulation primary oocytes
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: 2 to 3

Ovulation: 0

Oocyte takes about 2 days to mature

19
Q

Fertilization
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: 4 to 6

Ovulation: 2 to 4

20
Q

Natural mating for maxiumum conception rate
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: -1 to 6

Ovulation: -3 to 4

21
Q

Cytologic diestrus
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: 8 to 9

Ovulation: 5 to 7

22
Q

Radiograph detection of fetal skull
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: 44 to 46

Ovulation: 41 to 43

23
Q

Ultrasound detection of fetal heartbeat
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: 22 to 25

Ovulation: 19 to 22

24
Q

Parturition
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

A

LH: 64 to 66

Ovulation: 62 to 64

25
Q

Inherited disease

A 
Hip dysplasia 
Atopic ureter
Vascular ring anomaly 
Polycystic Kidney 
Cardiac stenosis
26
Q

Genetic Diversity and Breeding

A

Genetic diversity is finite

Alleles can be lost by chance (genetic drift) and through selection due to breeders (will reduce diversity)

27
Q

How do you remove a gene from a population?

A

You cannot remove a single gene!

Must remove an entire dog and all the genes it has

Genes move in groups with other genes – cannot just select one specific thing

28
Q

What happens if you breed for homozygosity?

A

Kiss of death to the immune system!

Genetic variability decreases => cannot improve breed

29
Q

What happens if you breed to the same sire over and over?

A

Get the desired traits of sire but also get all the undesired traits

Rare mutations will become common; may not know the gene is there, recessive, and appears as time goes on

The breed will continue to lose genes every generation until the gene pool no longer has the genes necessary to build a healthy dog

30
Q

What does inbreeding do to genetic diversity?

A

Can lose 90% of genetic diversity in 6 generations

31
Q

Genetic counseling (2 principles)

A

Selection of breeding animals should be based on multiple factors (goals, health, confirmation, performance, behavior)

Single minded focus on elimination of one genetic defect will result in diminished genetic diversity and increased occurrence of defects

32
Q

Puberty

What is it?

A

Transition from immature to sexually mature and capable of reproduction

Characterized by hormones, physical characteristics, sexual behavior

33
Q

Puberty

Does it occur earlier in males or females? In small or large breed?

A

Females

Small breed

34
Q

What controls onset of puberty?

A

Hypothalamic release of GnRH

35
Q

Age at onset of puberty

A

Determined by percent of adult body weight:

Cat is 75% and no studies done for dogs

36
Q

What does estrogen do to bones?

A

Estrogen produced after puberty increases closure of epiphyseal paltes

37
Q

Orchidectomy or ovarectomy prior to puberty causes…

A

Prolongs bone growth

38
Q

How long can sperm survive in the vagina vs uterus?

A

Vagina: a few hours (hositle environment)

Uterus: 7 days

Theriogenology (7 decks)

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