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Computing Science Boys > Software Design and Development > Flashcards

Software Design and Development Flashcards

L. Ron Hoyabembe.

1
Q

What is the order of phases in the waterfall model development methodology?

A

Analysis, Design, Implementation, Testing, Documentation, Evaluation, Maintenance.

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2
Q

The waterfall model is L_____ and S_______.

A

The waterfall model is Linear and Sequential.

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3
Q

The waterfall model can be described as an Iterative Process. What does this mean?

A

Iterative means previous stages can be revisited when a problem is discovered or a client requests new functionality.

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4
Q

When can Iteration take place in the waterfall model?

A

Iteration can take place between or within stages.

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5
Q

What does the system analyst do?

A

The system analyst communicates with the client to get a clear picture of what they want to save time and money. They relay information back to the team. They also analyse the problem.

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6
Q

What does the independent test group do?

A

The independent test group test for errors in the program.

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7
Q

What does the project manager do?

A

The project manager keeps the project on schedule and within budget.

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8
Q

During the analysis stage, a contract with the client is made. What is this contract called and what does it identify.

A

The contract made is called the software specification and it clearly identifies the functional requirements by analysing inputs processes and outputs.

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9
Q

What is stepwise refinement?

A

Stepwise refinement is when the large problem a program is built to solve is split into a series of smaller and smaller steps, and small manageable parts are given to different teams.

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10
Q

What design notation shows the hierarchy of program components and how they link together?

A

Structured diagrams show the program in a series of smaller chunks by stepwise refinement.

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11
Q

What is comprehensive testing?

A

Comprehensive testing is planned to test a wide range of test data, testing how the program responds to normal, extreme, and exceptional data.

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12
Q

What is systematic testing?

A

Systematic testing progresses from testing subroutines and works its way up to testing the whole system.

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13
Q

What is a dry run?

A

A dry run is when the code is manually ran though to trace the value of variables and check they are as they should be. They identify logic errors.

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14
Q

What is a trace table?

A

A trace table has a column for what a value of a variable is supposed to be at each point in the code and a column to be filled in with what the value is when properly run.

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15
Q

What is a breakpoint?

A

A breakpoint stops the program from running after a certain point and prints the value of a variable (or many). This helps to fill in a trace table.

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16
Q

What is a watchpoint?

A

A watchpoint is similar to a breakpoint, it stops the program from running when a condition is met.

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17
Q

What is a syntax error?

A

A syntax error is similar to a grammar error, the code cannot run because it is typed with incorrect syntax.

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18
Q

What is an execution error?

A

An execution error is when you try to ask the program to do something impossible, causing a ‘crash’.

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19
Q

What is a logic error?

A

A logic error is when numeric, comparative or logic operations are designed or implemented improperly, leading to unexpected values or results.

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20
Q

What is contained in the testing documentation?

A

Testing documentation includes the test plan and details of all testing done.

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21
Q

What guides are created during the documentation phase?

A

The user guide and the technical guide are created during the documentation phase.

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22
Q

What does the user guide tell the user how to do?

A

The user guide explains how to use the program.

23
Q

What does the technical guide contain?

A

The technical guide gives the system requirements and an installation guide.

24
Q

What headings is the end product evaluated under during evaluation?

A

Robust, Reliable, Efficient, Portable, Maintainable, Readable.

25
Q

What three types of maintenance are there?

A

Corrective, Perfective, and Adaptive.

26
Q

What is corrective maintenance?

A

Corrective maintenance is when the program is modified to rectify errors.

27
Q

What is perfective maintenance?

A

Perfective maintenance is when features are added or improved.

28
Q

What is adaptive maintenance?

A

Adaptive maintenance is when the program is ported to a new system or device or new compatibility is added.

29
Q

What size of project is the waterfall model best for?

A

The waterfall model is best for large projects.

30
Q

Agile methodologies are I________ and I__________..

A

Agile methodologies are Iterative and Incremental.

31
Q

What does “Incremental” mean when describing Agile methodologies?

A

Incremental means stages can commence before prior stages are fully completed.

32
Q

What happens during a “sprint” when following an Agile Methodology?

A

Sprints are carried out for each area of development. Several steps are repeated and carried out in consecutive sprints. During each sprint, a prototype of the program is created.

33
Q

What do agile methodologies place emphasis on?

A

Agile methodologies place great emphasis on communication with the client and between teams.

34
Q

What predefined functions in python have we learned in higher computing?

A

int(), round(), len(), ord(), chr().

35
Q

What is a subroutine?

A

A subroutine is a function that the program carries out that values can be passed into to carry out a specific process defined by the programmer.

36
Q

Why do we use subroutines?

A

Subroutines cut out on unnecessary repetition of lines, shortening development time and file size, and also make the program more readable.

37
Q

What is a local variable?

A

A local variable is a variable used within a subroutine and cannot be seen or referenced by any other part of the program.

38
Q

What is a global variable?

A

A global variable is created in the main part of a program and can be passed to other parts of the program. It can be seen and accessed from all parts of the program.

39
Q

What is the scope of a local variable?

A

The scope of a local variable is the subroutine it is in.

40
Q

What is the scope of a global variable?

A

The scope of a global variable is the whole program.

41
Q

Programs that use subroutines can be M______.

A

Programs that use subroutines can be Modular.

42
Q

How many values can a function return?

A

A function can only return 1 value, but this can be an array to effectively return multiple.

43
Q

What is a method?

A

A method is like a function but part of a class.

44
Q

How can we pass a parameter?

A

We can pass a parameter by value or by reference.

45
Q

What does it mean to pass a parameter by value?

A

Passing a parameter by value passes a copy of a value into the block of code. It does not need to be passed out again. Because this only creates a copy of the value, this requires more space and processing power.

46
Q

What does it mean to pass a parameter by reference?

A

Passing a parameter by reference is when we pass in the actual parameter rather than a copy of its value. It will be passed out again.

47
Q

What standard algorithms do we learn in higher?

A

Input validation, Count Occurrences, Linear search, Find Minimum, Find Maximum.

48
Q

What three modes are there for the open() function in python?

A

Read, Append, and Write.

49
Q

What does strip() do in python?

A

Strip removes all whitespace and turns a text file into one continuous line.

50
Q

What does split() do in python?

A

Split converts every word in a line to a value and returns an array.

51
Q

What is a .csv file?

A

CSV stands for Comma Seperated Values. These can be imported and exported to databases and can be modified by programs. When writing to them we use arrays.

52
Q

How do we pass in arrays?

A

We pass in arrays by reference as they can be very big and duplicating their value takes up a lot of space and processing power.

53
Q

What does a modulus (%) do?

A

Modulus returns the remainder when a number is divided. For example 5%2 = 1.

Computing Science Boys (2 decks)

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