CaE2

Question 1

Give an example for present and future unreal conditional

Answer 1

-if children got better grades on their exams, parents wouldn’t be so worried

Question 2

What are present and future unreal conditionals describing?

Answer 2

-imagined situations (situations that are not true)

Question 3

How do you form present and future unreal conditionals?

Answer 3

-if conditional 2: use simple past or past progressive (If clause) and could, might, or would in the main clause

Question 4

What can you do in the formal language (related to the if clause and if conditional 2) ?

Answer 4

-use were for the verb be for all subjects, including I (for more formal tone)

Question 5

Which role does each part has in present and future unreal conditionals?

Answer 5

-if clause describes an imaged condition (sth. not true at the time of speaking or writing ); main clause describes predicted result possible outcome

Question 6

What does would, could, and might express? (In present and future unreal conditionals)

Answer 6

• would = describes the predicted result (in main clause)

- could/might = express something that is possible or doable (machbar) (main clause)

Question 7

What do could and the past progressive describe in the if clause? (present and future unreal conditionals)

Answer 7

• describe an imagined possible situation

- > If the city could hire… / If school weren’t improving…

Question 8

How can you show the present and future time?

Answer 8

-by using time words (today, next year)

Question 9

How can you give someone advice?

Answer 9

-use unreal conditionals: if I were you + I would bare infinitive

Question 10

What do past unreal conditionals express?

Answer 10

• situation that were not true in the past
• something that was possible but did not happen
• regrets or sadness
• > if conditionals 3

Question 11

How is the past unreal conditionals build?

Answer 11

• past perfect in the if clause

- main clause: could/may/might/would have and the past participle of the verb

Question 12

Which role does each part has in past unreal conditionals?

Answer 12

• if clause express the past unreal condition (a situation that was unreal in the past)
• main clause describes an imagined result

Question 13

What does would,could, and might have express?

Answer 13

• would have :a predicted result

- could/might have : something ossicle or doable(machbar)

Question 14

How can you give advice in the past unreal conditionals?

Answer 14

-if had been you… ( had is often contracted as ‘d

Question 15

What do sentences with wish express?

Answer 15

-a desire for something to be different, or feelings of sadness

Question 16

How is a wish sentence build (for present)?

Answer 16

• wish is followed by a that clause + verbs in the simple past or past progressive, or the modal could
• > I wish (that) we had ..
• > I wish (that) we were doing…
• > I wish (that) we could have…

Question 17

How is a wish sentence build (for future)?

Answer 17

• that clause + was/were going to or the modals could or would
• > I wish (that) I were going to have…
• > I wish (that) she could go…
• > I wish (that) I would have…

Question 18

How is a wish sentence build (for past)?

Answer 18

• that clause + with the verb in the past perfect

- >I wish (that) we had had…

Question 19

What is often omitted in informal speaking (wish)?

Answer 19

-that

Question 20

With what can wish be replaced?

Answer 20

-if only

Question 21

How can you express desires in a formal way?

Answer 21

• wish + full infinitive

- I hope

Question 22

What is the difference between I wish I could and I wish he would?

Answer 22

• he would -> criticizing other people or complaining about a situation
• I could -> expressing hypothetical ability or permission

Question 23

What do we usually not say in wishes?

Answer 23

-I would

Question 24

How is a sentence with had better build?

Answer 24

-had better + present bare inf
-> He had better not wait any longer (present/ future reference)
-would have been better if+ past perfect
-> It would have been better if he had phoned us to tell us not to wait
(= He should have phoned us to tell us not to wait…)

Question 25

You can replace had better with?

Answer 25

-should

Question 26

What is equal to would rather?

Answer 26

-I would prefer/sooner

Question 27

Name the rules for would rather when both subject are the same

Answer 27

• I’d rather + present bare infinitive (present/ future reference)
• > I’d rather stay in tonight
• I’d rather + perfect bare infinitive (past reference)
• > I’d rather not have taken the bus, but I had no choice

Question 28

Name the rules for would rather when both subject are not the same

Answer 28

• I’d rather sb + past simple (present/ future reference)
• > I’d rather you didn’t shout to me
• I’d rather sb + past perfect (past reference)
• > I’d rather you had come with me yesterday

Question 29

Name some sentence types for prefer

Answer 29

• prefer + gerund/noun + to + gerund/noun (general preference)
• > I prefer watching TV to reading books
• prefer + full infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (general preference)
• > I prefer to eat what I want rather than count calories
• would prefer + full infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (specific pref)
• > I’d prefer to play football rather than watch it

Question 30

Name one extra sentence type for would rather

Answer 30

• would rather + bare infinitive + than + bare infinitive

- >I’d rather ski than skate