Hypertension Flashcards
What is HTN a risk factor for?
Stroke IHD Heart Failure CKD Cognitive decline Premature death
For every 2mmHg rise, how much does risk increase?
IHD increases by 7%
Stroke increases by 10%
How is HTN related to age?
Prevalence is strongly influenced by age
How much does HTN cost the NHS?
1 billion in 2017
What are the key points to tell a patient who is measuring their blood pressure at home?
1) sit comfortably
2) apply cuff to skin
3) don’t talk and keep still
4) use the same arm each time you record
5) keep written record
6) take 3 measurements 1 minute apart
7) don’t change treatment without talking to a doctor
How often per day should they take their blood pressure?
Before medication in the morning
1x in the evening
How big does the arm need to be before you use a large cuff?
More than 33cm
What are the indications for 24hr BP monitoring?
Unusual variability in BP Susp 'Whitecoat syndrome' Nocturnal HTN Drug-resistant HTN Efficacy of treatment Pregnancy Symptomatic HYPOTN
What info do you give to patients who are going to use 24 hour BP monitoring?
Wear cuff on arm and put monitor on waist/under pillow
It will measure every 15/20 mins a day and 30/60 mins at night
Let it hang motionless if poss
Can take off the cuff for the shower no problem
What is a korotkov sound?
The sound of the pulse when you are taking the blood pressure
What are the different korotkov sounds?
Phase I: first appearance of pulse Phase II: sound softens Phase III: sound gets sharper Phase IV: sound muffles Phase V: sound disappears
What are the grades of hypertension?
Grade 1: Mild 140-159 90-99 Grade 2: Moderate 160-179 100-109 Grade 3: Severe >180 >110
Isolate HTN:
>140
<110
How to calculate mean arterial pressure?
Diastolic plus 1/3 of the difference between Sys and Dys.
D + (S-D)/3 =MAP
