Psych

Question 1

A mediating variable

Answer 1

It explains the correlation between 2 variables A and B. The correlation between A and B is nonexistent without the mediating variable.

Question 2

Moderating Variable

Answer 2

This either strengthens or weakens the correlation between variables A and B.

Question 3

Cross’s Nigrescence Model of African-American identity development

Answer 3

African-Americans are described as progressing through several stages of cultural awareness. In the first stage, pre-encounter, African-Americans tend to view the majority Caucasian culture as being more desirable and would view a doctor of this race as being more skilled.

Question 4

immersion-emersion stage of Cross’s model

Answer 4

African American resents and distrusts the majority Caucasian race (becomes a racist)

Question 5

Internalization stage of Cross’s model

Answer 5

Recognizes injustices in the past and works to empower other AAs

Question 6

do opioids use cause pupillary constriction?

Answer 6

yes. It is a symptom of use.

Question 7

Glutamate is what type of neurotransmitter

Answer 7

Excitatory

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is the main inhibitory NT of the CNS?

Answer 8

1) GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).
2) Alcohol is a GABA agonist (binds to GABA receptors)
3) Glycine also works in conjunction to with GABA to inhibit in spinal cord and brainstem.

Question 9

suggest that depression stems from a reduction in the motivating forces of arousal.

Answer 9

Drive-reduction theory

Question 10

Catatonia

Answer 10

A symptom of Schizophrenia marked by resistance to passive movement.

Question 11

three core components of emotion

Answer 11

1) Physiological arousal
2) Expressive ways
3) Subjective experience

Question 12

the initial request is unreasonably large and is therefore rejected. The initial large request is then followed by a smaller, more reasonable-sounding request that is much more likely to be accepted

Answer 12

“door-in-the-face” technique

Question 13

Temporal Fibres of vision

Answer 13

they do not cross paths. Only the nasal retina ones do

Question 14

When a subject views the word “red” written in green ink it takes longer for the subject to recognize the word than when viewing the word “red” written in red ink. This phenomenon is known as:

Answer 14

Stroop effect

Question 15

refers to whether a variable is able to predict a certain outcome.

Answer 15

criterion validity

Question 16

deals with the manner in which the terms of the study are defined.

Answer 16

construct validity

Question 17

refers to the process of learning what is acceptable and appropriate in a smaller, more focused section of society. Learning how to behave at school or in the workplace are examples of secondary socialization.

Answer 17

Secondary socialization

Question 18

means that living standards are increasing in absolute terms: you are better off than your parents and your children will be better off than you. Absolute mobility compares your income to your parent’s income. If your parents make $5,000 dollars a year and you make $10,000 dollars a year, you have experienced absolute mobility.

Answer 18

Absolute mobility

Question 19

is a specific category of demographic shifts, accounting for changes in fertility and mortality rates—and the consequences thereof—as a country develops from a preindustrial to an industrial, modern economic system.

Answer 19

Demographic transition

Question 20

These types of conflicts consist of two options with both appealing and negative characteristics, which seems to represent the jury’s dilemma. If they rule the defendant guilty, they would either be punishing a criminal (approach) or punishing an innocent (avoidant). If they rule the defendant innocent, they would either be letting a criminal walk away unpunished (avoidant) or freeing an innocent (approach).

Answer 20

Double approach-avoidant

Question 21

reciprocity, commitment and consistency, social proof, authority, liking, scarcity

Answer 21

Cialdini’s 6 principles of persuasion,

Question 22

The Visual Field

Answer 22

Fovea(centralized region) of retina is dense with cones. Cones perceive bright colors and light, and responsible for increased visual acuity.

The periphery is loaded with roads that have higher light sensitivity(pick up dim light), perceives motion.

Question 23

The stages of Mead’s social theory

Answer 23

I and Me. Your identity of self is shaped by interactions with others from infancy to adulthood.

Infancy (preparatory)- imitation- mimicking parents (I)

Preschool(play)- role-taking- playing doctor (Me)

School Age(Game)- generalized other- understanding all roles and overarching rules

Question 24

top-down processing vs. bottom-up

Answer 24

Driven by the Big Picture(abstract ideas) to make judgments/conclusions on details. Knowledge or experience of snakes lead you to mistaken a garden hose for a snake.

Bottom-up is driven by sensory input (perception) that is used to make conclusions about general ideas or conclusions.

Question 25

Absolute Threshold

Answer 25

intensity of stimulus required for observer to perceive stimulus 50% of the time.

Question 26

Bureaucracy and McDonaldization

Answer 26

Mnemonic is ECPC( eazy peazy)
Efficiency
Calculability
Predictability

Control

Question 27

Topic: Self and Identity,

The Bases of Power Model

Answer 27

Referent Power: an individuals ability to exert control by appealing to the desire of the audience to be part of a group. Likely to work on Low-Motivation, Low-knowledge folks.

Question 28

Gordon Alport

Answer 28

Trait perspective of personality. He hypothesized that 3 traits contribute to a persons personality.

1) Cardinal Traits
2) Secondary
3) Central

Question 29

Hans Eysenck

Answer 29

The biological and genetics perspective of personality

Question 30

Muzafer Sharif

Answer 30

Robber’s Cave experiments examined inter-group conflict that result from competition for limited resources.

Question 31

Albert Bandura

Answer 31

Bobo Doll experiment. Showed that children ca exhibit observational learning of aggressive behavior when they see adults engaging in such behaviors.

Question 32

John B. Watson

Answer 32

Little Albert exprment. Used classical conditioning to make kid generalize fear to all fury animals.

Question 33

Gordon Allport’s 3 traits

Answer 33

1- Cardinal- personality n which person builds entire life
2- Central traits- personality that that can be determined by others(defining characteristics)
3- Secondary characteristics that depends of the person.

Question 34

Personal Constructs

Answer 34

Personal constructs are beliefs about which attributes are most important in making judgments about people. Elena’s mom did not specify what attributes she was looking for (like kindness or trustworthiness),
just that first impressions are importantributes (kindness) we judge folks by

Question 35

Paul Eckman

Answer 35

Eckman’s 7 universal emotions

Question 36

Social cONSTRUCTION tHEORY

Answer 36

It posits that individual interactions shape things. Hence, they can not be seen outside a historical context or universally.

Question 37

Place Theory

Answer 37

Hearing. It posits that sound waves are interpreted based on the place of the basilar membrane of the cochlear on which it hits.