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BMB 2 > BMB 7 > Flashcards

BMB 7 Flashcards

1
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2
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Anterior group nuclei image

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3
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4
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Posterior group nuclei image

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5
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Hypothalamic pathways image

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6
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Tuberohypophyseal tuberinfundibular tract for NEUROENDOCRINE FXN (image)

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7
Q

Supraoptico-hypophyseal tract for WATER/OSMOLAR balance (image)

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8
Q

Papez circuit showing HOW THE HYPOTHALAMUS CONNECTS WITH THE LIMBIC SYSTEM

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9
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Circumventricular organs with NO BBB (image)

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10
Q

Hypothalamic regulation of water/osmolar balance and the organs involved?

A

Osmoreceptor neurons sense incr osmo pressure of carotid blood (dehydr) and incr firing, and receptors in perinuclear area near SON/PVN of hypothal receive this input and synpase onto SON and PVN and these rel ADH.

  • vol receptors maybe sense changes in blood vol in ant nucl group, stretch receptors etc
  • SFO and OVLT also inv in regulation of water balance, sense incr ang II in hypovolemia
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11
Q

HYPOTHAL ADH RELEASE

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ADH synth in SON and PVN, ADH stored in neurosecr granules that are transported to be released in depol, depol causes granule to rel contents in post pit via ca, decr core body temp and EtOH/incr vol inhibits ADH

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12
Q

What happens with hypothal in hyperosmolar/dehydrated states?

A

Osmoreceptor neurons sense incr and incr firing rate, signal synpases on ADH producing neurons in SON and PVN, adh travels thru neurohypophyseal tract to post pit, goes to kidney collecting duct to help body retain more water

-ang II also produced by kidney to activate neurons in SFO and OVLT, stimulates thirst sensation (unknown mech)

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13
Q

What happens with hypothal in hypovolemic (eg hemorrhagic) state>

A

-ang II rel from kidneys and incr firing rate of SFO and OVLT which syn onto SON/PVN to make ADH. incr ADH causes water retention to correct loss of blood vol, stretch rec sense decr and send aff signals to son and pvn via CN 9 and 10 to incr ADH, and angII also constricts blood vessels and incr BP to incr vol retention and maintain organ perfusion

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14
Q

diagrams of what happens in dehydration vs hemorrhage in hypothal

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15
Q

What are two very important hypothal controls that affect homeostasis in the body?

A

1) core body temp regulation
2) energy balance reg

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16
Q

General mechanism for temp control?

A

Thermal sensors in preoptic-anterior nucl > medial forebrain bundle > thermal effectors in post hypothal nucl > phys and beh changes

17
Q

3 main effectors for tempo control?

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heat disposla, heat retention, and heat production

18
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how does hypothal help us adjust to warm temp change?

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warm sensitive neruosn sense change, and core body temp controls warm temp inputs

19
Q

how does hypothal adjust to cold temp

A

cold sensitive neurons sense change in core temp and periph cold sens neurons which project to temp insens neurons sense change in skin temp to compensate for too little heat (respond to stimuli from periph cold sensitive neurons rather than sensing changes themselves)

20
Q

HYPERTHERMIC RESPONSE

A

Preoptic ant has warm sens neruons that are activated by incr in core temp, send axons in medial forebrain bundle to post, which synapse onto HEAAT DISPOSAL NEURONS

  • these fire at higher rate to cause vasodil, sweating, panting etc to get rid of heat and decr core body temp back to normal
  • warm sens neurons also syn onto heat retention/prod neurons to inhibit them
21
Q

HYPOTHERMIC RESPONSE

A

preoptic ant (same) ALSO have cold sens neurons activated by decr in core temp, and temp insensitive neurons that are activated by decr in skin temp

=cold sens nuerons and temp insesn neurons send axons to medial forebrain bundle (same) to posterior

  • heat retention neurons in post resp to TEMP INSENS neurons and heat production neurons in post respond to input from COLD SENS neurons
  • collaterals inhibit heat dispoal neurons
22
Q

more stuff about hypothal regulation of temp warm vs cold

A
  • for warm temp, body ONLY uses core temp to make adjustments, for cold temp control body integrates signals from core temp and periph temp
  • post hypothal nucl integrates signals from preoptic AND ant hypothal nuclei to cause beh and phys changes
23
Q

Fever can be due to?

A

loss of heat disposal, stim of heat prod, elev of normal setpoint, or combo

24
Q

bacterial endotoxic fever does what to hypothal

A

pyrogen elev hypothal setpoint to new lvl, heat disposal wont occur until temp gets higher than normal setpoint

-pyrogens also incr sensitivity of cold sens neurons and decr sens of warm sesns neurons causing more heat production, cold sens neurons being stim too early at higher temp to produce more heat

25
Q

aspirin and temp reg in hypothal

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anti-pyretic effect at post hypothal nucl by resetting setpoint to normal and retruning sens of neurons to normal

26
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Def of hyper vs hypothermia

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hyper- lesions of ant and preoptic induce loss of sweating, vasodil, and panting during incr (so cant get rid of heat)

hypo- core gbody temp below 95, lesions to post area leads to loss of shivering and vascon to prod/retain heat

27
Q

Two important hypothal nuclei in energy balance?

A

1) ARCUATE NUCL
2) LATERAL HYPOTHAL NUCL

28
Q

Arcuate nucl

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inv in energy balance in hypothal

-primary integrative center leading to feeding, has orixigenic/anorixigenic neurons sens to signals of nutrients/fuel avail, project ot areas resp for beh and autonomic and endo responses

29
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lateral nucl of hypothal

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inv in regulating feeding beh- stim results in incr feeding and vv, receive INPUT FROM ARCUATE NUCL and info from brainstem/cortex, have FOOD REGULATORY NEUROPEPTIDES, go all thru CNS

30
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What are the food regulatory neuropeptides?

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orexin, MCH, CART in lateral nucl

31
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what are the 3 possible fates of fuels

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stored in adipose, sensed by arcuate nucl, or met resulting in energy expenditure (homeostatis balance)

32
Q

What do orixigenic neuropeptides do?

which ones are circulating, vs in arcuate, vs in lateral hypothal nucl?

A

STIMULATE FEEDING and KEEP US AWAKE!

  • circ: ghrelin (prod in stomach, stim food intake and decr energy expenditure)
  • arc: neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Ag-RP (agouti related prot)
  • lateral: MCH (melanin conc hormone), and orexin A/B
  • cannabinoids
33
Q

Anorixigenic neuropeptides CIRC and ARC/LAT nucl

A

circ: leptin produced in adipocytes, inhib food intake and incr E expenditure

arc/lat nucl: cocaine and amphetamine reg transcript (CART), and MSH (melanocyte stim hormone)

34
Q

What happens with the neuropeptides in the fasting state?

A

Stomach makes ghrelin, sensed by NPY and AgRP neurons in arc, communicate to LAT to stim MCH and OREXIN, stim feedbing beh and inhib pomc/cart in arc (anorexigenic sys)

35
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What happens with neuropeptides in the fed state?

A

fed: glucose, FA and AA and insulin and leptin are sensed by POMC and CART, stim anorexigenic neurons and insulin/leptin inhbi orexigenic neurons in arc, inhibit feedbe beh by inhib MCH and orex in lateral

36
Q

Regulation of body temp flow chart

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BMB 2 (8 decks)

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