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Grade 10 - Chemistry > Chemistry Definitons > Flashcards

Chemistry Definitons Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything with a mass and a volume

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2
Q

Atoms (4 terms)

A
  • Atoms are the basic particles that make up matter.
  • Atoms are the smallest particle of an element that still retain the characteristics of that element
  • cannot be broken down into smaller particles through mechanical means
  • too small to be seen by the human eye
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3
Q

Subatomic particles (3)

A

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

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4
Q

A pure substance

A

Either an element or a compound that is made up of only one kind of matter

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5
Q

Compounds

A
  • Made up of elects kept together by bonding
  • can be broken down through chemical changes

2 types: Ionic and Molecular

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6
Q

Elements

A

A chemical element is a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means.

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7
Q

Mixtures

A

A material made up of 2 or more pure substances. Either homogenous or heterogenous

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8
Q

Homogenous mixtures

A

A homogenous mixture is any mixture that is uniform in composition. Contain 1 phase (visible component)

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9
Q

Heterogenous Mixtures

A

A Heterogenous Mixture is any mixture that is not uniform in composition. Contain 2 or more phases.

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10
Q

Families/Groups/Coloums

A

A family is a group of elements with similar chemical properties. Signifies the number of valence electrons an element has.

(Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition Metals, Halogens, Noble Gases)

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11
Q

Rows/Periods

A

The horizontal rows in the periodic table. Signify how many shells the elements have.

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12
Q

Physical property

A

A property that describes the physical appearance and composition of a substance

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13
Q

Chemical property

A

A property that describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substance or substances

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14
Q

Boiling Point/Condensation point (physical property)

A

Temperature of boiling or condensing

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15
Q

Melting point/freezing point

Physical property

A

Temperature of melting or freezing

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16
Q

Malleability

physical

A

Ability to be beaten or rolled into sheets without crumbling

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17
Q

Ductility

Physical

A

Ability to be stretched without breaking

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18
Q

Colour

Physical

A

Colour

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19
Q

State

Physical

A

Solid, liquid, and gas

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20
Q

Solubility

Physical

A

Ability to dissolve in a liquid

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21
Q

Crystal formation

Physical

A

Crystalline appearance

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22
Q

Conductivity

Physical

A

Ability to conduct heat or electricity

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23
Q

Combustion

Chemical

A

Ability to burn

24
Q 
Flash point
(Chemical)
A

Lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid will ignite in air

25
Q

Behaviour in air

Chemical

A

Tendency to degrade, react or tarnish

26
Q

Reaction with waters

Chemical

A

Tendency to corrode or dissolve

27
Q

Reaction to heating

Chemical

A

Tendency to melt or decompose

28
Q

Metals (5 traits)

A
  • On the left and in the centre of the periodic table
  • good conductors of heat and electricity
  • are ductile and malleable
  • solids at room temperature
  • shiny or silver in colour
29
Q

Non-Metals (2 traits)

A
  • located on the right hand side of the periodic table

- have mixed properties of metals and non-metals

30
Q

Metalloids (2 traits)

A
  • separated by a stair of elements on the right side of the periodic table
  • have mixed properties of metals and non-metals
31
Q

Multivalent electrons

A

Metals that form ions in two different way and have two possible valences

Ex. Pb(lead)

32
Q

Anions

A

Negatively charged ions

Non Metals form them

33
Q

Cations

A

Positively charged ions

34
Q

Ionic Compounds

A

Compounds consisting of positive and negative ions formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal in order to achieve a stable octet of electrons.

  • second element is given suffix “ide”

Ex. KI = Potassium Iodide

35
Q

Covalent/Molecular Compound

A

instead of borrowing electrons from metals to fill their shell instead a metal and non-metal come together and share

  • First element is given prefixes according to number of atoms
  • second element is given he suffix “ide”

Ex. Cl O = Dichlorine Heptaoxide
2 7

36
Q

Covalent bond

A

The bond formed between the atoms in a molecular compound

- can be represented using Lewis Dot Diagram

37
Q

Kekule Diagrams

A

Where each electron shared is represented by a line connecting the chemical symbols

Ex. H —— H

  • sharing of more than one electron is represented using more than one line

Ex. C ====== C

38
Q

Other Important Molecular Compounds (3)

A

Ammonia:
3
NH

Methane:
CH
4

Water:
H2O

39
Q

Diatomic Gases

A
  • simply the name of element + gas

Hydrogen Gas:
H
2

Chlorine Gas:
Cl
2

Oxygen:
O
2

40
Q

An acid

A

A compound that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

  • form electrolytic when dissolved and release hydrogen ions
  • taste sour
  • reactive with metals and carbonates
41
Q

A base

A

A compound that forms Hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

  • form electrolytic solutions when dissolved and release hydroxide ions
  • taste bitter
  • feel slippery
42
Q

Ph stands for?

A

Power of hydrogen

43
Q

pH Scale

A

A logarithmic scale that measures levels of acidity from 0-14

  • 7 is neutral
  • a pH < than 7 is basic
  • a pH > than 7 is acidic
44
Q

pH indicator

A

A pH indicator is a substance that changes colour to show the concentration of hydrogen ions and Hydroxide ions in a solution

45
Q

Universal indicator

A

Mixture of several indicators that can be used to determine the approximate pH of a solution.

46
Q

Soil pH

A

A condition that must be met for optimal plant growth

47
Q

Pharmaceutical production

A

Changing pH of solutions can cause precipitate out of solution. If the precipitate is a desired product, pH can be changed to encourage precipitation.

48
Q

Household Pharmaceuticals

A

Bases such as antacids can be used to treat heart burn by helping to neutralize stomach acids

49
Q

Household cleaning

A

Bases are often found in cleaning products and feel slipper to the touch

50
Q

Pool maintenance

A

Pools must be maintained at a near neutral pH to be safe for use and to maintain the effectiveness of the chlorine

51
Q

Acid Rain/Precipitation

A

A pH lower than 5.6 (pH of rain) is considered acid rain.

  • caused by reactions involving water and various non-metal oxides
  • Gases are released into the atmosphere by transportation, various industries, and natural sources
52
Q

Skeleton Equations

A

Replacing the words in a word equation with chemical formulas

53
Q

State of any substance

A

Solid (s)
Liquid (l)
Gas (g)
Aqueous [dissolves in water] (aq)

54
Q

Balanced Equation

A

Demonstrates the law of conversation of mass, which requires the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the chemical equation

55
Q

Ionic bond

A

An electrostatic attraction that happens when a metal gives up one or more electrons to a non metal

56
Q

Molecule

A

a particle made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together

Grade 10 - Chemistry (5 decks)

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