APGOVCh.14.Hannah.Esparza

Question 1

interest group

Answer 1

a collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy

Business groups are the most common type of interest groups.

Question 2

American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 2

a major interest group, founded in 1833, to advocate for the abolition of the institution of slavery throughout the United States

The American Anti-Slavery Society was founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan.

Question 3

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Answer 3

a public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. It’s activities included prayer groups, protest marches, lobbying, and the destruction of saloons

Many of the members of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) were religious.

Question 4

The Grange

Answer 4

founded in 1867 as an educational organization for farmers. The Grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concerns of farming communities and rural areas

The Grange was formed by the government to help advance farming techniques.

Question 5

lobbyist

Answer 5

interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion

The lobbyist broke the law when he gave the political representative money.

Question 6

Progressive movement

Answer 6

a broad group of political and social activists from the 1890s to the 1920s who opposed corruption in government, supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions

The Progressive movement grew from many Americans believing that new measures would be necessary to impose order on growing chaos.

Question 7

public interest group

Answer 7

an organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members

The public interest group came from the Progressives.

Question 8

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 8

founded in 1886, the AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organization for the first time. It merged in 1955 with the Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIO

Before the American Federation of Labor (AFL) no real national union activity had ever taken place.

Question 9

National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)

Answer 9

an organization founded in 1895 by manufacturers to combat the growth of organized labor

The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) was founded because manufacturers had suffered business losses in the economic panic of 1839.

Question 10

U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Answer 10

a major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce was founded with the help of the federal government.

Question 11

trade associatioin

Answer 11

a group that represents a specific industry

Trade associations were effective spokespersons for their member companies.

Question 12

Jerry Falwell

Answer 12

a Southern Baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the Moral Majority

Larry Flint printed cartoons about Jerry Falwell in Hustler magazine.

Question 13

Moral Majority

Answer 13

A conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative Evangelical Christian voters from its founding in 197 through the presidency of Ronald Reagan

The moral majority was founded by Jerry Falwell.

Question 14

Pat Robertson

Answer 14

A Southern Baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the Christian Coalition

Pat Robertson advocates a conservative Christian ideology.

Question 15

Christian Coalition

Answer 15

A religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative christian principles and traditional values in American politics

The Christian Coalition has grown since 1989 and has about 2 million members.

Question 16

National Rifle Association (NRA)

Answer 16

the major gun rights lobbying group in the US which opposes gun control and advances and expansive interpretation of the second amendment

The NRA is a nonprofit organization that advocates for gun rights.

Question 17

AFL-CIO

Answer 17

large labor union founded in 1955 by the merging of he american federation of labor and its one-time rival the congress of industrial of organizations (CIO)

The AFL-CIO is the largest federation of unions in the country.

Question 18

social capital

Answer 18

cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems

There are three types of social capital: bonding social capital, bridging social capital, and linking social capital.

Question 19

civic virtue

Answer 19

tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good

Civic virtue is the cultivation of habits important for the success of the community.

Question 20

pluralist theory

Answer 20

theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups

The pluralist theory centers on the idea of how power is distributed.

Question 21

disturbance theory

Answer 21

theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors.

The disturbance theory states that interest groups form and grow in response to threats.

Question 22

transactions theory

Answer 22

theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors

The transaction theory arose out of criticisms of pluralists approach.

Question 23

collective good

Answer 23

something of values that cannot be withheld from a non member of a group, for ex., a tax write off of a better environment.

Collective goods allow people to join groups for their benefits.

Question 24

economic interest group

Answer 24

group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members

Economic interest groups promote financial interests of their members.

Question 25

political action committee (PAC)

Answer 25

officially recognized fund organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns

Her political action committee has raised almost $900,000 this election cycle.

Question 26

lobbying

Answer 26

activities of a group or organizations that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position

It is recommended that booksellers lobby their representatives.

Question 27

Marian Wright Edelman

Answer 27

lawyer who in 1973 founded the Children’s Defense Fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups

Marian Wright Edelman activated for the rights of children.

Question 28

patron

Answer 28

person who finances a group or individual activity.

Prebendalism the form of patron-client politics that legitimizes the exploitation of government power for the benefit of office holders and their followers

Question 29

Free rider problem

Answer 29

potential members who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing to the effort

In the social sciences, the free-rider problem occurs when those who benefit from resources, public goods, or services do not pay for them.

Question 30

Lobbying Disclosure Act

Answer 30

a 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyist requirements on the activities of lobbyist

The Lobbying Disclosure Act aimed at bringing increased accountability to federal lobbying practices in the country.

Question 31

Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007

Answer 31

lobbying reform banning gifts to members of Congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal to the private sector
The Honest Leadership and Open Government Act amended parts of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995..