All-In-One Chapter 5 - Managing the Project Scope

Question 1

8/80 Rule

Answer 1

a planning heuristic for creating the WBS. This rule states that the work package in a WBS must take no more than 80 hours of labor to create and no fewer than 8 hours of labor to create

Question 2

Active observation

Answer 2

the observer interacts with the worker to ask questions and understand each step of the work being completed. In some instances, the observer could serve as an assistant in doing the work.

Question 3

Affinity diagrams

Answer 3

when stakeholders create a large number of ideas, you can use an affinity diagram to cluster similar ideas together

Question 4

Alternatives generation

Answer 4

a scope definition process of finding alternative solutions for the project customer while considering the customer’s satisfaction, the cost of the solution, and how the customer may use the product in operations

Question 5

Brainstorming

Answer 5

this approach encourages participants to generate as many ideas as possible about the project requirements. No idea is judged or dismissed during the brainstorming session.

Question 6

Change control system (CCS)

Answer 6

documented in the scope management plan, this system defines how changes to the project scope are managed and controlled

Question 7

Change management plan

Answer 7

this subsidiary plan defines how changes will be allowed and managed within the project

Question 8

Code of accounts

Answer 8

a numbering system for each item in the WBS

Question 9

Configuration management plan

Answer 9

this subsidiary plan defines how changes to the features and functions of the project deliverables will be monitored and controlled within the project

Question 10

Context diagram

Answer 10

these diagrams show the relationship between elements of an environment

Question 11

Delphi technique

Answer 11

this approach uses rounds of anonymous surveys to build consensus. because the surveys are anonymous, participants are more likely to be honest with their requirements, opinions, and statements

Question 12

Dictatorship

Answer 12

a decision method where only one individual makes the decision for the group

Question 13

Focus group

Answer 13

a moderator-led requirements collection method to elicit requirements from stakeholders

Question 14

Functional analysis

Answer 14

the study of the functions within a system, project, or the product the project will be creating. Studies the goals of the product, how the product will be used, and the expectations the customer has of the product once it leaves the project and moves into operations

Question 15

Funding limit

Answer 15

most projects have a determined budget in relation to the project scope. There may be a qualifier on this budget, such as plus or minus 10 percent based on the type of cost estimate created

Question 16

Initial project organization

Answer 16

the project scope statement identifies the project team and the key stakeholders

Question 17

Interviews

Answer 17

a requirements collection method used to elicit requirements from stakeholders in a one-on-one conversation

Question 18

Majority

Answer 18

a group decision method where more than 50 percent of the group must be in agreement

Question 19

Mind mapping

Answer 19

this approach maps ideas to show the relationship among requirements and the differences between requirements

Question 20

Nominal group technique

Answer 20

as with brainstorming, participants are encouraged to generate as many ideas as possible, but the suggested ideas are ranked by a voting process

Question 21

Passive observation

Answer 21

the observer records information about the work being completed without interrupting the process; sometimes called the invisible observer

Question 22

Plurality

Answer 22

a group-decision method where the largest part of the group makes the decision when its less than 50 percent of the total

Question 23

Product acceptance criteria

Answer 23

project scope statement component works with the project requirements, but focuses specifically on the product and what the conditions and processes are for formal acceptance of the product

Question 24

Product breakdown

Answer 24

a scope definition technique that breaks down a product into a hierarchical structure, much like a WBS breaks down a project scope

Question 25

Product scope description

Answer 25

a narrative description of what the project is creating as a deliverable for the project customer

Question 26

Product scope

Answer 26

defines the product or service that will come about as a result of completing the project. It defines the features and functions that characterize the product

Question 27

Project assumption

Answer 27

a factor in the planning process that is held to be true but not proven to be true

Question 28

Project boundaries

Answer 28

clearly states what is included with the project and what’s excluded from the project

Question 29

Project constraints

Answer 29

anything that limits the project manager’s options

Question 30

Project objective

Answer 30

measurable goals that determine a project’s acceptability to the project customer and the overall success of the project

Question 31

Project requirements

Answer 31

the demands set by the customer, regulations, or the performing organization that mus exist for the project deliverables to be acceptable

Question 32

Project scope

Answer 32

defines all of the work, and only the required work, to complete the project objectives

Question 33

Project scope management plan

Answer 33

subsidiary plan that controls how the scope will be defined, how the project scope statement will be created, how the WBS will be created, how scope validation will proceed, and how the project scope will be controlled throughout the project

Question 34

Prototype

Answer 34

a model of the finished deliverable that allows the stakeholder to see how the final project deliverable may operate

Question 35

Requirements documentation

Answer 35

documentation of what the stakeholders expect in the project, defines all of the requirements that must be present for the work to be accepted by the stakeholders

Question 36

Requirements management plan

Answer 36

subsidiary plan defines how changes to the project requirements will be permitted, how requirements will be tracked, and how changes to the requirements will be approved

Question 37

Requirements traceability matrix (RTM)

Answer 37

a table that maps the requirements throughout the project all the way to their completion

Question 38

Schedule milestones

Answer 38

the project customer may have specific dates when phases of the project should be completed

Question 39

Scope creep

Answer 39

undocumented, unapproved changes to the project scope

Question 40

Scope validation

Answer 40

the formal inspection of the project deliverables, which leads to project acceptance

Question 41

Stakeholder analysis

Answer 41

a scope definition process where the project management team interviews the stakeholders and categorizes, prioritizes, and documents what the project customer wants and needs

Question 42

Systems analysis

Answer 42

a scope definition approach that studies and analyzes a system, its components, and the relationship of the components within the system

Question 43

Systems engineering

Answer 43

project scope statement creation process studies how a system should work, designs and creates a system model, and then enacts the working system based on the project’s goals and the customer’s expectations

Question 44

Unanimity

Answer 44

a group decision method where everyone must be in agreement

Question 45

Value analysis

Answer 45

this approach examines the functions of the projects product in relation to the cost of the features and functions

Question 46

Value engineering

Answer 46

this approach to project scope statement creation attempts to find the correct level of quality in relation to a reasonable budget for the project deliverable while still achieving an acceptable level of performance of the product

Question 47

WBS dictionary

Answer 47

a WBS companion document that defines all of the characteristics of each element within the WBS

Question 48

WBS template

Answer 48

a prepopulated WBS for repetitive projects. Previous projects’ WBSs are often used as templates for current similar projects

Question 49

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Answer 49

a deliverables-oriented breakdown of the project scope

Question 50

Work package

Answer 50

the smallest item in the WBS

Question 51

Work performance information

Answer 51

status of the deliverables: the work that’s been started, finished or has yet to begin