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Biology-Corinna > 10.Biodiversity > Flashcards

10.Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the concept of a species

A

They are capable of breeding to produce living fertile offspring

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2
Q

What’s the binomial system

A

Two part name
First- generic name, the genus the organism belong to
Second-specific name, the species organism belong to

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3
Q

Courtship behaviour enables individuals to …

A
  • Recognise members of own species-breeding stays in species
  • Identify a mate capable of breeding-sexually mature, fertile
  • Form a pair bond-leads to successful breeding n upbringing
  • Synchronise mating- max probability of sperm meeting egg
  • Become able to breed-bring opposite sex to physiological state to mate
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4
Q

What’s taxonomy

A

The theory and practice of biological classification

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5
Q

What is classification w

A

Grouping of organisms

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6
Q

What are the two main forms of biological classification

A

Artificial classification and phylogenetic classification

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7
Q

What is artificial classification

A

Divides organisms according to differences that are useful at the time, eg colour size number of legs. They are analogous characteristics where they have same function but not same evolutionary origins eg wings of butterfly’s and birds

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8
Q

What’s phylogenetic classification

A

Based upon evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors
Classifies species into groups using shared features derived from ancestors
Arranges groups into hierarchy in which groups are contained within larger composite groups with no overlap

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9
Q

What is a group within a phylogenetic biological classification is called

A

Tax on

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10
Q

What’s taxonomic rank

A

Positions in Hierarchical order

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11
Q

What’s a domain

A

Highest taxonomic rank, there are three

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12
Q

What are the three domains

A

Bacteria, Archae, eukarya

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13
Q

What are features of bacteria

A 
Absence of membrane bounded organelles
Unicellular 
70S ribosomes
Cell walls 
Single loop of dna no proteins associated
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14
Q

What are features of archaea

A

Resemble bacteria but
Menpmbranes contain fatty acid China is attached to glycerol by ether linkages
No murein cell wall
Complex form of RNA polymerase

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15
Q

What are features of eukarya

A 
One or more cells
Membrane bound organelle
Fatty acid membranes 
Not all have cell walls, no murein 
80S ribosomes
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16
Q

What Re the four kingdoms of eukarya domain

A

Prtoctistica fungi plantae animalia

17
Q

What’s the classification system

Hint: King Philip Comes Over For Great Sex

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
18
Q

What’s phylogeny

A

The evolutionary relationship between organisms

19
Q

Explain the phylogenetic tree

A

Oldest species is at the base of the tree, the most recent are represented by branches
The closer two branches are together the closer the evolutionary relationship

20
Q

What is species diversity

A

Refers to number of different species and the number of individuals of each species within any one community

21
Q

What’s genetic diversity

A

Refers to variety of genes possessed by individuals that make up a population of species

22
Q

What’s ecosystem diversity

A

Refers to the range of different habitats, from a small local habitat to he whole of the earth

23
Q

What is species richness

A

This is the number of different species in a particular area at a given time

24
Q

What’s the index formula

A

N(N-1) ➗sum of n(n-1)

N is total number of organisms of all species
n is total number of organism of each species

25
Q

What are agricultural ecosystems

A

Ecosystems controlled by humans, farmers choose what to grow and so genetic variety of alleles they posses is reduced

26
Q

What are examples of practices that have directly removed habitats and reduced species diversity

A
  • Removal of hedgerows and grubbing out woodlands
  • Creating monocultures eg replace natural meadows with cereal crop
  • filing in ponds or draining marsh and other wetland
  • overgrazing of land preventing regeneration of woodland
27
Q

What practices have indirect effect on species diversity

A

Use of pesticides
Escape of effluent from from silage stores and slurry tanks into water courses
Absence of crop rotation and lack of intercropping or under sowing

28
Q

Examples of conservation techniques

A

Plant hedgerows instead of fences
Use organic fertilisers rather than inorganic
Create natural meadows and use hay rather than grasses for silage
Use intercropping rather than herbicides

29
Q

Why does using observable characteristic to compare have limitations

A

Large number of characteristics determined by more than one gene, not discrete from one another, characteristic hard to distinguish and also environmental impacts on characteristics

30
Q

How is genetic diversity measured using DNA base sequencing

A

Sampling DNA of its members and sequencing it to produce pattern of coloured bands (different colour for each base)
Compare them to determine how diverse they are and to see evolutionary relationships, species more closely related have more similarities in the dna sequencing

31
Q

What is random sampling

A

Taking measurement of individuals selected from the population which is being investigated, sample should be representative of the population as a whole

32
Q

Why may a random sample not be representative

A

Sampling bias - selection process biased, making unrepresentative choices either unwittingly or deliberately

Chance - individuals chosen may not be representative

33
Q

How can you eliminate sampling bias

A

Divide area being investigated into a grid (like a graph)
Using dice or a computer obtain co ordinates
Take samples at the intersection of each pair of coordinates

34
Q

How can you minimise the effect of chance

A

Using large sample size - smaller probability of chance influencing result
Analysis of data collected - use of statistical tests can determine the extent to which chance may have influence data

35
Q

What is a normal distribution curve

A

When mean mode and median have same value, bell shaped, highest point is central

36
Q

What’s a skewed distribution curve

A

Mean mode and median have different values, graph leans to one side

Biology-Corinna (22 decks)

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