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Phase 2 Limbs and Back > Week 3: Peripheral nerves and dermatomes > Flashcards

Week 3: Peripheral nerves and dermatomes Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the peripheral nervous system located?

A

Outside the CNS

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2
Q

What are the two types of neurones found in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Sensory and motor neurons

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3
Q

What function is the sensory neurons associated with?

A

Sensory stimulus

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4
Q

What function is the motor neurones associated with?

A

Motor stimulus

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5
Q

Which type of nerve cells does the peripheral nerve contain axons for?

A

Sensory neurones

Motor neurones

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6
Q

Which type of nerve cell is an afferent?

A

Sensory neurones

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7
Q

Which type of nerve cell is an efferent?

A 
Motor neurones
remember
Sensory
Afferent
Motor
Efferent
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8
Q

What is the name for a nerve cell?

A

Neurone

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9
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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10
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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11
Q

What does each segment of the spinal cord give rise to?

A

A pair of spinal nerves

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12
Q

How many segments are there of the spinal cord?

A

31

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13
Q

How many segments of the spinal cord as cervical?

A

8

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14
Q

How many segments of the spinal cord as thoracic?

A

12

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15
Q

How many segments of the spinal cord as lumbar?

A

5

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16
Q

How many segments of the spinal cord as sacral?

A

5

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17
Q

How many segments of the spinal cord as coccygeal?

A

1

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18
Q

What is present in the grey matter of the spinal cord?

A

Collection of nerve cells that control the passage of afferent and efferent information

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19
Q

What is found in the white matter of the spinal cord?

A

Bundle of axons which act by passing of nerve impulses

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20
Q

Out of sensory and motor neurone which has the cell body in the centre?

A

Sensory neurone.

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21
Q

Name the 3 different plexus found in the body?

A

Cervical plexus
Brachial plexus
Lumbosacral plexus

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22
Q

What parts of the spinal cord is the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C5

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23
Q

What part of the spinal cord is the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

24
Q

What part of the spinal cord is the lumbosacral plexus?

A

T12-S5

25
Q

If you took a cross section of a peripheral nerve what would you see?

A

Bundles of myelinated neurones held together by epineurium

26
Q

Define nerve fascicle?

A

Small bundle of nerve fibres enclosed in perineurism

27
Q

Define epineurium?

A

Outer layer of dense, irregular connective tissue that surrounding a peripheral nerve

28
Q

Define perineurium?

A

Connective tissue that surrounds each nerve fascicle

29
Q

What is the function of myelin sheath?

A

Surrounds the axon to insulate it and speed up the action potential along its length

30
Q

What is a nerve made from?

A

May different types of neurones. Each with its own specific function

31
Q

Myelinated peripheral nerves tend to be associated with which sensations?

A

Touch
Vibration
Motor

32
Q

Unmyelinated peripheral nerves tend to be associated with which sensations?

A

Pain
Cold
Hot

33
Q

What can afferent neurones be classified when looking at its shape?

A

Pseudounipolar

34
Q

Mechanoreceptors are used for which sensations?

A

Mechanical deflection

Touch

35
Q

Thermoreceptors are used for which sensations?

A

Hot/cold

36
Q

Nociceptors respond to which sensations?

A

Noxious (pain)

37
Q

Name different types of mechanoreceptors?

A

Merkel disc
Meissner’s corpusle
Ruffini

38
Q

Describe the pathway for sensory afferents?

A

Receptors sense- produce AP

AP travel through dorsal root ganglia- Dorsal roots- dorsal horn (Grey matter)

39
Q

Describe the pathway for motor efferents?

A

Receptor senses- AP produced

Moves through motor efferents to ventral roots and then into the ventral horn of the grey matter

40
Q

Ventral roots are associated which with neurons?

A

Efferent
remember: DAVE

Dorsal
Afferent
Ventral
Efferent

41
Q

Define a myotome?

A

Group of muscles a signal spinal nerve innervates

42
Q

Define a dermatome?

A

Area of skin that is innervated by a single spinal nerve

43
Q

Define proprioception?

A

The awareness in your body position in 3D space i.e. knowing your arms are raised

44
Q

What are the 3 major things that must be evaluated in a spinal injury?

A
  1. Voluntary movement
  2. Reflex movement
  3. Sensory responses
45
Q

What is ASIA?

A

Standard neurological examine that is used to determine the extent and level of a spinal injury

46
Q

What are the two ways in which we elicit a movement?

A

Voluntary movement

Reflex responses

47
Q

What is the pathway for voluntary movement?

A

Motor cortex -> Spinal cord -> Muscle -> Movement

48
Q

What is the corticospinal pathway?

A

Another name for the voluntary movement pathway

49
Q

What is defined as the upper motor neurone?

A

Anything above the brainstem/spinal cord e.g. motor cortex

50
Q

What is defined as the lower motor neurone?

A

Anything below and including the brainstem/spinal cord

51
Q

Define the motor cortex in relation to movement of body areas?

A

Regions associated with different movements of different body areas

52
Q

Which motor neurones are not involved in the reflex pathway?

A

Upper motor neurones e.g. motor cortex

53
Q

Describe the pathway for reflex movement?

A

Lower motor neurones senses causes an AP to project along the peripheral nerve which innervates another peripheral nerve which innervates the original muscle. Causing contraction

54
Q

Describe the monosynaptic reflex arc?

A

Consists of a sensory neurone and a motor neurone.
If you stretch the sensory neurone it will start sending AP which will travel to the CNS can cause the motor neurones to respond by contracting the muscle

55
Q

Name the 4 body areas in which a spinal reflex may be induced?

A

Bicep
Triceps
Ankle
Rectus abdominis

56
Q

What happens if you have damage to the lower motor neurones?

A

Complete paralysis of that muscle

57
Q

What happens if you have damage to the upper motor neurones?

A

Cannot do voluntary movement but will still have reflex movement

Phase 2 Limbs and Back (31 decks)

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