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ophthalmology > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what bones make up the bony orbit around the eye (7)

A 
frontal 
nasal
maxilla
lacrimal
zygomatic
sphenoid 
ethmoid
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2
Q

what bone does the optic canal run through

A

sphenoid

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3
Q

in what bone is the infraorbital foramen located in

A

maxilla

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4
Q

what muscle is located in the external layer of the eyelid

A

orbicularis oculi

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5
Q

what are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi, where are they located

A 
orbital = outer ring 
palpebral = inner ring
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6
Q

describe the process producing lacrimal fluid

A

lacrimal gland produces lacrimal fluid under CN VII, it them washes over the eye and gets pushed toward the medial angle. It drains though the lacrimal puncta and eventually reaches the inferior meatus

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7
Q

where does the lacrimal sac drain into

A

nasolacrimal duct

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8
Q

what are the 3 layers of the eye, where are they located

A

fibrous - outer layer
uvea - middle
retina - inner

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9
Q

what layer is known as the vascular layer

A

uvea

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10
Q

what layer is known as the photosensitive layer

A

retina

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11
Q

what are the two parts of the fibrous layer

A

sclera

cornea

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12
Q

where do the muscles of the eye attach

A

sclera

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13
Q

what is the main role of the cornea

A

2/3rds of the refractive power

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14
Q

what are the 3 parts of the uvea

A

iris
ciliary body
choroid

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15
Q

what does the iris control

A

pupil diameter

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16
Q

what does the ciliary body control

A

controls the iris, shape of the lens and secretions aqueous humour

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17
Q

what are the 4 parts of the retina that we should know

A

maula
optic disc
fundus
fovea

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18
Q

what are the 2 segments of the eye, how are they separated

A

anterior and posterior. separated by the lens

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19
Q

what is the anterior segment divided into

A

anterior chamber

posterior chamber

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20
Q

where is located in the anterior chamber, what does it contain

A

between cornea and iris

contains aqueous humour

21
Q

where is located in the posterior chamber, what does it contain

A

between iris and suspensory ligaments

contains aqueous humour

22
Q

what does the posterior segment contain

A

vitreous body which contains vitreous humour

23
Q

describe the production and circulation of aqueous

A

ciliary body secretes it, it then circulate within the posterior chamber. it then passes through the the pupil into the anterior chamber. it is then reabsorbed into the scleral venous sinus at the iridocorneal angle

24
Q

what is the blood supply of the eye, where does it originate

A

the ophthalmic artery, originates from the internal carotid artery

25
Q

what is the venous drainage of the eye, where does it originate

A

superior and inferior ophthalmic vein, originates from the cavernous sinus

26
Q

where does the cavernous sinus run

A

runs via the superior orbital fissure

27
Q

what is the fundus of the retina, what does it contain

A

posterior area where light is focused

contains:

  • optic disc
  • macula
  • fovea
28
Q

what is the optic disc

A

point of CN II formation

blind spot

29
Q

what is the macula

A

greatest density of cones

30
Q

what is the fovea

A

centre of the macula

area of most acute vision

31
Q

what are the 3 layers of the retina

A

from posterior to anterior:

photoreceptors
ganglion cells
axons of the ganglion cells

32
Q

what are the 7 muscles associated with the eye

A

4 rectus muscles:

  • superior rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • medial rectus
  • lateral rectus

2 oblique muscles:

  • superior oblique
  • inferior oblique

1 levator palpebrae superioris

33
Q

where do ALL the muscles insert

A

onto the sclera

34
Q

where do all the RECTUS muscles originated from

A

common tendinous ring

35
Q

what is the innervation of the eye muscles

A

lateral rectus = CN VI
superior oblique = CN IV
all the rest = CN III

36
Q

what muscles open the eye

A

levator palpebrae superioris

mulllers

37
Q

what muscles close the eye

A

orbicularis oculi

38
Q

what does CN V1 innervate

A

upper eyelid
cornea
conjunctiva
skin of the bridge + tip of nose

39
Q

what does CN V2 innervate

A

lower eyelid
skin over maxilla
nostrils
upper lip

40
Q

what does CN V3 innervate

A

beard area:

skin over mandible and TMJ joint

41
Q

what supplies the angle of the mandible

A

C2 & 3 and spinal nerves

42
Q

where does CN III connect with the CNS

A

at the junction between the midline and the pons

43
Q

where does CN III pass through

A

cavernous sinus

44
Q

what are the 6 autonomic reflexes of the eye

A 
wide eyes during flight or fight
pupillary light reflex
accommodation reflex
lacrimation reflex tear production 
vestibulo-ocular reflex 
oculocardiac reflex
45
Q

what is the oculocardiac reflex

A

tension on the extra ocular muscles or eye results in bradycardia

46
Q

what is the vestibulo-ocular reflex

A

stabilises gaze during head movement

47
Q

how does the sympathetic system affect the eyes

A

widens them and dilates pupil to let in more light

focuses on far away objects

48
Q

how does the parasympathetic system affect the eyes

A

focus on near objects
reflex lacrimation
constricts the pupil to let in less light

ophthalmology (7 decks)

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