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head and neck anatomy > general > Flashcards

general Flashcards

1
Q

upper respiratory allergy name

A

Rhinitis

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2
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity sensitization description

A

plasma cells produce IgE and bind to mast cells

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3
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity what do mast cells release upon re-exposure

A

histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and chemotactic factors

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4
Q

ARIA classification of intermittent rhinitis

A

<4 days per week or <4 consecutive weeks

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5
Q

moderate-severe rhinitis in the ARIA classification is the following

A

sleep disturbance
impairment of activities
troublesome symptoms

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6
Q

level 6 of allergy is IgE levels of what kU/L

A

> 100 very high sensitivity

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7
Q

do filiform papillae contain taste buds?

A

no

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8
Q

6-18 months suitable test for hearing loss

A

distraction test

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9
Q

12 months to 3 years appropriate test for hearing loss

A

visual reinforced audiometry

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10
Q

3-5 years assessment for hearing loss

A

play audiometry

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11
Q

4+ years for assessment for a child with hearing loss

A

pure tone audiometry

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12
Q

objective assessments of auditory systems

A

otoacoustic emissions
auditory brain stem responses
tympanometry

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13
Q

microbiology of acute otitis media in a child

A

haemophilus influenza, strep pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis

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14
Q

sinuses most likely affected in 0-4 months

A

ethmoid + maxillary

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15
Q

3y-7y sinuses most likely to be affected

A

sphenoid

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16
Q

8y to adolescent most likely to be affected sinus

A

frontal

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17
Q

tonsillitis bacterial causes

A

b haem

strep b

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18
Q

viral causes of tonsillitis

A

EBV

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19
Q

WHO definition of health

A

health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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20
Q

leading cause of blindness internationally is

A

cataracts

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21
Q

trachoma is

A

bacterial infection of the eye due to washing with dirt water

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22
Q

treatment to trachoma is SAFE

A

surgery, antibiotics, facewashing and environment

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23
Q

riverside blindness is caused by

A

blackfly

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24
Q

2nd leading cause of death globally is

A

stroke

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25
Q

SCALP

A 
Skin 
connective tissue
aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
pericranium
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26
Q

pericranium is attached to bones by fibres called

A

connective tissue fibres called Sharpey’s fibres

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27
Q

elevators of the upper lip

A

zygomaticus minor
levator labii superioris
nasalis
zygomaticus major

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28
Q

depressors of the lip

A

depressor labii inferioris
platysma
depressor anguli oris
mentalis

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29
Q

retractors of the angle of the mouth

A

zygomaticus major
depressor anguli oris
risorius
platysma

30
Q

nasal muscles

A 
nasalis
levator labii, superioris alaeque nasi
levator labii superioris 
zygomaticus minor
procerus
31
Q

how many recognised facial emotions are there

A

21

32
Q

neck lump examination

A 
size
site
shape
sore
skin
stuck
soft
33
Q

neck lump history

A 
how long
site
fluctuation
sore
H&amp;N
symptoms
travel
34
Q

complications of a central line

A 
pneumothorax
air embolism
thrombosis
haematoma
cardia tamponade
false passage
chylothorax
sepsis 
line blockage
35
Q

indications for a central line

A 
central venous pressure
fluid resuscitation
drug admin
cardiac pacing
blood sampling I.V nutrition 
haemodialysis
36
Q

calcitonin function

A

lowers calcium and raises phosphate

37
Q

thyroglossal cyst is a ..

A

dilatation of thyroglossal duct remnant

38
Q

4 types of thyroid cancer

A

papillary - lymphatic
follicular - haematogenous
medullary - familial
anaplastic - aggressive local

39
Q

colloid goitre causes

A

hyperplasia, iodine deficiency, puberty, pregnancy, lactation

40
Q

thyroidectomy indications

A 
airway obstruction
malignancy
thyrotoxicosis
cosmesis
retrosternal extension
41
Q

complications of a thyroidectomy

A 
bleeding
hoarseness
thyroid storm
infection
hypoparathyroidism
hypothyroidism
scare
42
Q

toxic goitre signs

A

older, no eye signs, atrial fibrillation

43
Q

parathyroid cancer most likely to be

A

adenoma for 80% of hyperparathyroidism

44
Q

parathyroid disease signs

A

painful tones
aching bones
psychic moans
abdominal groans

45
Q

parathyroid glands regulate

A

calcium and phosphate

46
Q

branchial cysts can be detected because they

A

transilluminate

47
Q

nasal function is essential in neonates because

A

obligate nasal breathers

48
Q

cartilage receives its blood supply form

A

the overlaying mucosa

49
Q

the turning of the middle turbinate to the back of the nose to attach to the lateral nasal wall is called (attachment)

A

ground lamella

50
Q

sphenoid sinus drains via

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

51
Q

external carotid blood supply is via

A

sphenopalatine
greater palatine
superior labial

52
Q

internal carotid blood supply is via

A

A + P ethmoidal

53
Q

common site for epistaxis is

A

little area

54
Q

what would you expect in conductive hearing loss - Rinne’s

A

bone>air -

55
Q

what would you expect in a sensorineural hearing loss - Rinne’s

A

air>bone +

56
Q

Weber’s sensorineural hearing loss R

A

L>R

57
Q

conductive hearing loss right ear Webers

A

R>L

58
Q

pure tone audiogram conductive

A

B>A

59
Q

sensorineural pure tone audiogram findings

A

B=A

60
Q

complication of auricular haematoma is

A

cauliflower ear

61
Q

complications of chronic suppurative otitis media

A

dead ear
facial palsy
meningitis
brain abscess

62
Q

differential diagnosis for vertigo

A

benign positional vertigo
Meniere’s disease
vestibular neuritis
migraine

63
Q

intra temporal causes of facial nerve palsy

A

cholesteatoma

64
Q

extra temporal causes of facial nerve palsy

A

parotid tumour

65
Q

nasal polyps are associated with which conditions

A

allergy

66
Q

what percentage of people with nasal polyps have asthma and a alcohol intolerance

A

20-50% asthma

50% alcohol

67
Q

high dose prednisolone and nasal steroids will eliminate what percentage of nasal polyps after 20 days

A

50%

68
Q

chronic rhinosinusitis is after how many weeks?

A

12 weeks

69
Q

microbiology of acute rhinosinusitis is

A

31% s.Pneumoniae

H. influenzae

70
Q

antimicrobials for rhinosinusitis

A

Beta lactams and macrolides

71
Q

clinical conditions of the inner ear that affect balance

A

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
vestibular neuritis
Meniere’s disease

72
Q

OPG of the mouth and mandible stands for

A

orthopantogram

head and neck anatomy (3 decks)

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