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Biology 212 > Lab exam 1 > Flashcards

Lab exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q
A
  • Excavata - Englenozoa - Eglenophyta - Trypanosoma
  • be able to identify the flagellum
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2
Q
A
  • Chromalveolata - Stramenopiles - Bacillariophyta - Diatom
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3
Q
A
  • Archaeplastida - Green Algae - Chlorophyta - ?
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4
Q
A
  • Chromalveolata - Aveolates - Ciliophora - Paramecium
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5
Q
A
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6
Q
A
  • Unikonta - Amoebozoans - Rhizopoda - Amoeba proteus
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7
Q
A
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8
Q
A
  • Chromalveolata - Stramenopiles - Phaeophyta - Brown Algae
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9
Q
A
  • Rhyizaria - Radiolarians - Actinopoda
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10
Q
A
  • Eubacteria
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11
Q
A

Archaeplasida - Red Algae - Rhodaphyta - Corallina

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12
Q
A
  • Rhizaria - forminiferans - Foraminifera
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13
Q
A
  • Chromalveolata - Aveolates - Pyrrophyta - Dinoflagellates
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14
Q
A
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15
Q
A
  • Unikonta - Amoebozoans - Myxomycota - Physarum
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16
Q
A
  • Archaeplastida - Green Algae - Chlorophyta - Spirogyra
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17
Q
A
  • Bacteria - Eubacteria
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18
Q
A
  • Axcavata - Euglenozoa - Englenophyta - Englena
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19
Q

Define evolution

A

Change over time

decent with modifications

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20
Q

Compare and contrast artificial selection and natural selection.

A
  • Artificial selection is of selectively breeding for desirable traits (ie dogs, livestock)
  • Natural selection is the environmental pressures select for certain traits (ie Galapagos island finches)
21
Q

What types of data do we use to support evolution and common ancestry?

A
  • Adaptation evidence
  • Paleontological evidence
  • Comparative anatomical evidence
  • Embryological evidence
  • Molecular Evidence
22
Q

What are some ways variation arises in the natural world?

A

evoluation

mutation

23
Q

Discuss the importance of fossils–what information do fossils provide?

A
  • Evolutionary trends in the morphology, anatomy, injuries, and diseases of organisms
  • characteristics of ancient environments and geography
24
Q

Why is comparative anatomy useful?

A
  • it is evidence that supports evolution of organisms from a common ancestor
  • organisms in turn can be classified based on the extent of similarity of descent from a common ancestor
25
Q

Compare and contrast homologous and analogous structures.

A
  • Homologous structure is a structures that share similar anatomical features and embryological development
  • analogous structures are structures that have similar functions but evolved different pathways (ie bugs wings and birds wings)
26
Q

Be able to discuss vestigial structures and how they support common ancestry.

A
  • vestigial structures indicate common ancestry and thus can provide evidence for determing evolutionary pathways.
  • shows similarities even though the environmental pressures haven’t gotten rid of them (tailbone, wisdom teeth)
27
Q

What comparisons did you see between vertebrate embryos?

A
  • at some time during embryonic development, all have a postanal tail, somites (body segments), and paired pharyngeal pouches (gill slits).
28
Q

Describe the role of taxonomy in modern biology.

A

Principal, procedures, rules of scientific classification and naming of organisms

29
Q

Describe the composition and purpose of scientific names

A
  1. Define and describing organisms
  2. arranging organisms into a logical classification scheme
30
Q

I dentify organims using a simple biological key (dichotomous key)

A

yes

31
Q

Understand the hierarchal classification system

A

Did King Philip Come Over For Good Sex?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus Species

32
Q

Be able to list domains and kingdoms and provide examples of each.

A

Domain:

  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukarya

Kingdom

  1. Animlila - Dog
  2. plantae - iris
  3. protista - ameba
  4. Fungi - Mushroom
  5. Eubacteria - E.coli
  6. Archaeabacteria - Methangens
33
Q

What is a virus?

A

“poison”

tiny, acellular, infectious particles consisting of DNA or RNA that is enclosed in protective layer of protein called a capsid

34
Q

Describe and label the anatomical features of bacteriophages.

A
35
Q

Compare and contrast enveloped and naked viruses. Provide an example of each.

A

Enveloped

  • Encased in a cell membrane provided by the host cell
  • IE AIDS or herpes

Naked

  • No clothes, aka membrane
  • IE warts or polio
36
Q

Compare and contrast lytic and lysogenic viruses.

A

Lytic

  • .Absorption or attachment
  • Entry or penetration
  • Integration
  • synthesis and assembly
  • release

Lysogenic

  • Absorption or attachment
  • Entry or penetration
  • Integration to the cells DNA
  • cell carrying prophage divides normally
37
Q

Describe how a disease can be transmitted in a population.

A
  • Air
  • Contact
  • bodily fluids
38
Q

Be able to trace the transmission route and identify the original carrier of the disease.

A

The pink disease.

39
Q

Compare and contrast prions and viroids

A
  • Prions is responsible for diseases in animals
  • viroids causes disease in plants
40
Q

Explain the difference between Archaea and Bacteria.

A

Archaea

  • Old
  • Histone proteins in with the DNA
  • Cell wall made of Isoprenyl Ether

Bacteria

  • No histones
  • cell wall made of Peptidoglycan
41
Q

Know the 3 major groups of Archaea (we will use your textbook classification ) and basic characteristics of each.

A
  1. extreme halophiles: are heterotrophs that require large amounts of Na+ (salt) for their growth
  2. extreme thermophiles: are archaea that require a very high temperature or very low temperature for growth
  3. methanogens: (Methane producers)are a large, diverse group that inhibit oxygen-free environments in sewage, swamps, and the digestive tracts of humans and other animals.
42
Q

Be able to identify and describe the function of the basic bacterial anatomy.

A
43
Q

Be able to distinguish between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the microscope.

A

Gram-positive

  • Blue and purple
  • simple and thick cell wall

Gram-negative

  • red and pink
  • thin and complex cell wall
44
Q

Understand how gram staining works and what information it provides.

A
  • it tells how thick the cell wall is and what it is made of.
  • the gram positive bacteria with their simple and relatively thick layer of the polymer peptidoglycan that traps the crystal violet/iodine complex.
  • With the gram negative the complex outer layer of lipopolysaccharides sticks to the safranin stain.
45
Q

Be able to identify bacteria based on shape.

A
  • Bacillus spp. - rod shaped
  • Coccus - spherical
  • Spirillum - siral-shaped
46
Q

Be able to identify the follwing CYANOBACTERIA:

  1. Oscillatoria
  2. Anabaena
A
  • Oscillatoria has rod shapes, like rice a roni
  • Anabaena has bubble ilongated shapes, like a beaded necklace.
47
Q

Explain a few ways that bacteria can be useful. What roles do bacteria play in the environment and in medicine?

A

Some bacteria helps the gut, helps break things down as decomposers, and can be pathogenic and can be very harmful health wise especially when it evolves to be MRSA.

48
Q

Structures of the Paramecium

A
49
Q

Structures of an Amoeba

A

Biology 212 (8 decks)

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