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mind map questions (IOE/HHP) > Anatomy of the skull > Flashcards

Anatomy of the skull Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the condyle when the mouth opens?

A
  • moves anteriorly
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2
Q

What are sinuses?

A
  • Air spaces within the bone
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3
Q

Which bones within the skull contain sinuses?

A
  • Maxilla
  • Ethmoid
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid
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4
Q

What is the Oro-pharyngeal Isthmus?

A
  • the space bound by the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches and the base of the tongue
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5
Q

Where is the lingual frenulum?

A
  • attaches to the ventral surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth
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6
Q

What is Ankyloglossia?

A
  • shortened frenula
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7
Q

What bones comprise the hard palate?

A
  • Palatine process of the maxilla

- Horizontal plate of the palatine bone

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8
Q

Where is the greater palatine foramen located?

A
  • between the maxilla and the palatine bone
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9
Q

Where is the lesser palatine foramen found?

A
  • in the palatine bone
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10
Q

Where is the incisal foramen found?

A
  • behind the upper incisor teeth
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11
Q

What is the line in the tongue called that divides the anterior 2/3 from the posterior 1/3?

A
  • Sulcus terminalis
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12
Q

What are the islands of the tongue called which cross from the posterior 1/3 into the anterior 2/3?

A

Circumvallate papillae

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13
Q

Where is the mental foramen located?

A
  • On the buccal surface of the body of the mandible
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14
Q

Where is the Infra–orbital foramen located?

A
  • in the maxilla
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15
Q

Which cranial nerve is the facial nerve?

A
  • number 7
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16
Q

What cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • number 5
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17
Q

What is the Pterygomandibular Raphe?

A

Attaches to the buccinator muscle and the superior constrictor

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18
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A
  • The major motor supply to the muscles of facial expression
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19
Q

Where do the branches of the facial nerve pass through?

A
  • The parotid gland
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20
Q

What is Bells Palsy?

A
  • When the muscles of facial expression become paralysed due to a virus inflaming the facial nerve
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21
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Provide sensory function to the face
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22
Q

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Mandibular
  • Maxillary
  • Opthalmic
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23
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve called?

A
  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buccal
  • Mandibular
  • Cervical
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24
Q

What is the muscle that surrounds the lips called?

A
  • Obicularis Oris
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25
Q

What is the muscle that surrounds the eyes called?

A
  • Obicularis Oculi
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26
Q

What is the Dura Mater?

A
  • A protective layer between the skull and the brain
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27
Q

What happens if there is a rupture in the middle meningeal artery?

A
  • blood builds up between the skull and the dura mater, pushing the brain down through the magnum foramen (Extradural Haemorrhage)
28
Q

Where does the lingual artery originate from>

A
  • The external carotid artery
29
Q

What does the lingual artery supply?

A
  • The tongue

- The floor of the mouth

30
Q

What is the main vein called that drains venous blood away from the head and neck?

A
  • Internal jugular vein
31
Q

What is the pterygoid plexus of veins?

A
  • A lattice of veins at the side of the face
32
Q

What does the pterygoid plexus of veins do?

A
  • drains blood from many structures in the anterior section of the face
33
Q

How might infection be brought to the brain through a spot on the face?

A
  • when the spot on the anterior portion of the face is squeezed some of the infection may be forced into the venous blood supply
  • this blood is carried to the pterygoid plexus of veins
  • The plexus of veins communicates with the cavernous sinus in the brain
34
Q

What is the function of lymphatic vessels?

A
  • to drain tissue fluid from tissues and back into th venous system
35
Q

What happens to lymph nodes in response to infection?

A

They swell

36
Q

What re the two groups of lymph nodes in the head known as?

A
  • Deep

- Superficial

37
Q

Where are the superficial lymph nodes found?

A
  • in a ring around the base of the head
38
Q

What does the greater palatine artery supply?

A
  • palatine gingiva of the upper teeth

- The mucosa of the hard palate

39
Q

What does the lesser palatine artery supply?

A

The soft palate

40
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery run to?

A

Runs inside the skull, deep into the pterion

41
Q

What is the Pterion?

A

A weakened section of the skull where the bones meet

42
Q

What are the attachments of the digastric muscle?

A
  • The mastoid process
  • The hyoid bone
    The mandible
43
Q

What are the actions of the digastric muscle?

A
  • Assist with the opening of the mouth

- keeps the mouth held closed in an unconscious reflex (stretch reflex)

44
Q

What nerve supplies the digastric muscle?

A

The anterior section is supplied by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
The posterior section is supplied by the facial nerve

45
Q

What is the action of the TMJ?

A

Involved in opening and closing the mouth

46
Q

What is the function of the masseter?

A
  • Plays a major role in chewing

- pulling the mandible upwards

47
Q

What are the attachments of the masseter?

A
  • The zygomatic bone

- The mandible

48
Q

What is the nerve supply to the masseter?

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

49
Q

What are the attachments of the temporalis?

A
  • temporal fossa and fascia

- coronoid process

50
Q

What is the action of the temporalis?

A
  • moves the mandible forwards (anterior section)

- moves the mandible backwards (posterior section)

51
Q

What is the nerve supply to the temporalis?

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

52
Q

What are the attachments of the Medial Pterygoid muscle?

A
  • Superficial head attaches to the maxillary tuberosity, the pyramidal process of the palatine bone and the ramus of the mandible
  • Deep head - attaches to the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid and the ramus of the mandible
53
Q

What is the action of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?

A

Elevates the mandible (closing the mouth)

54
Q

What is the nerve supply to the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?

A

The mandibular branch of the Trigeminal nerve

55
Q

What are the attachments to the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?

A
  • Superior head - the greater wing of the sphenoid and the condyle
  • Inferior head - the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid and the condyle
56
Q

What is the action of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?

A
  • Push the jaw forwards and side to side
57
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve.

58
Q

What Is the origin of the Styloglossus muscle?

A

The styloid process

59
Q

What is the action of the Styloglossus muscle?

A

Lifts the tongue up and back

60
Q

What is the origin of the Hyoglossus muscle?

A

The Hyoid Bone

61
Q

What is the action of the Hyoglossus muscle?

A

Pulls the tongue downwards

62
Q

What is the origin of the Genioglossus Muscle?

A

The genial tubercles of the mandible

63
Q

What is the action of the Genioglossus muscle?

A

Protrudes the tongue

64
Q

What is the outer muscle layer of the pharynx?

A

The outer muscle layer of the pharynx is split into superior, middle and inferior constrictors

65
Q

What muscles are involved in the inner muscle coat of the pharynx?

A
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Salpingopharyngeus
  • Palatopharyngeus
66
Q

What is the motor nerve supply to the Pharynx?

A

Cranial nerve 10 (Vagus nerve)

- except the stylopharyngeus which is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve

mind map questions (IOE/HHP) (13 decks)

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