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Endocrinology > The Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

The Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

How is the hypothalamus connected to the pituitary gland ?

A

Via the infundibulum

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2
Q

What portion of the hypothalamus is connected to the endocrine system?

A

The anterior pituitary

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3
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

The pocket of the sphenoid, directly below the hypothalamus

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4
Q

Where are neurohormones released from?

A

Posterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus

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5
Q

Where are classic endocrine hormones released?

A

Anterior Pituitary

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6
Q

Where are tropic and non-tropic hormones released?

A

The hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary

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7
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A

Neurohormones secreted into capillaries travelling into the anterior pituitary which govern release of anterior pituitary hormones

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8
Q

What are non-tropic hormones?

A

Neurohormones produced in hypothalamus and travel to posterior pituitary where they are released into blood

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9
Q

What is the function of tropic hormones?

A

Bind to receptors on anterior pituitary and stimulate/inhibit release of AP hormones

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10
Q

Name 5 hypothalamic releasing hormones

A

TRH, CRH, GHRH, GnRH, PRH

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11
Q

Name 2 hypothalamic inhibiting hormones

A

GHIH and Dopamine

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12
Q

What is the Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal portal system?

A

A network of tiny vessels which transfer trophic hormones from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

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13
Q

Where are hormones released within they hypothalamo-hypohyseal portal system?

A

At the median eminence

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14
Q

What is the origin of anterior pituitary tissue?

A

Epithelial tissue

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15
Q

What is the origin of posterior pituitary tissue?

A

Neural tissue

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16
Q

Where is the anterior pituitary connected to?

A

The hypothalamus via the capillary portal system

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17
Q

Where is the posterior pituitary connected to?

A

Neural connection to the hypothalamus

18
Q

How does the hypothalamus control the production of AP hormones?

A

By releasing or inhibiting trophic hormones that stimulate or inhibit hormone production from the AP

19
Q

Where does prolactin act and what is its function?

A

Breast

Results in lactation (Direct)

20
Q

Where does TSH act and what is its function?

A

Thyroid

Results in TH release (tropic)

21
Q

Where does adrenocorticotropic hormone act and what is its function?

A

Ad. Cortex

Results in Cortisol Release (Tropic)

22
Q

Where does growth hormone act and what is its function?

A

Liver

Results as an IGF-1* release (tropic) and tissue metabolism (direct)

23
Q

Where does FSH and LH act and what are their functions?

A

Gonads

Regulate reproductive function (direct) and sex hormone release (tropic)

24
Q

Where does AP feedback control occur?

A

Hypothalamus, AP and Target Endocrine Cell

25
Q

What hormones does the PP release?

A

Vasopressin and Oxytocin

26
Q

Where are PP hormones synthesised?

A

Magnocellular Neurons in the hypothalamus

27
Q

Where do axons of the infundibulum project?

A

The posterior pituitary

28
Q

Describe how hormones of the PP synapse?

A

Terminals end directly on capillaries

29
Q

What is the main function of ADH?

A

Regulates water balance

30
Q

When is ADH released?

A

When plasma osmolarity or plasma volume/blood pressure is increased

31
Q

What is the site/mode of action of ADH?

A

Kidney collecting ducts - increases water reabsorption

Vascular Smooth Muscle - increases blood pressure

32
Q

What is the main function of oxytocin?

A

Milk ejection and uterine contraction

33
Q

When is oxytocin released?

A

Labour or suckling

34
Q

What is the site/mode of action of oxytocin?

A

Milk duct smooth muscle - Contracts muscle and ejects milk

Uterine smooth muscle - child birth

35
Q

Define hyposecretion?

A

Too little secreted

36
Q

Define hypersecretion?

A

Too much secreted

37
Q

Define Hyporesponsiveness

A

Reduced response of target cell. Relates to alteration in hormone receptor, post-receptor disorder or failure of metabolic activation of hormone

38
Q

Define Hyperresponsiveness

A

Increased response of target cell. Due to permissive effects

39
Q

Define a primary disorder

A

the defect lies within the cell that secretes the hormone

40
Q

Define a secondary disorder

A

Where there is too much or too little trophic hormone from pituitary

41
Q

Define a tertiary disorder

A

Relates to a hypothalamic defect

42
Q

What is a trophic hormone?

A

A hormone which controls the secretion of another hormone

Endocrinology (19 decks)

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