Drug discovery (1) Flashcards
1
Q
A
- POM =>
- P MEDS =>
- OTC N
2
Q
Cimetidine
A
- Cimetidine is a histamine H2 antagonist original used to treat peptic ulcers
- Cimetidine was discovered at Smith, Kline, French by James Black, Robert Ganellin and others
- Cimetidine was first licensed in the UK in 1976 and approved by the FDA in 1979
- It was marketed by GSK under trade name Tagamet
- Generic cimetidine is now available
- Now available in OTC medicines treating heartburn symptoms
3
Q
Top 20 best selling drugs
A
4
Q
Top 10 pharmaceutical companies
A
5
Q
Naming drugs
A
- A marketed drug may have up to 4 names: Chemical name, company code, brand and generic name
- Prefixes differentiate one drug from another but have no other meaning- normally come from there MOA
6
Q
DRUG DISCOVERY
A
- Targets, Screening and compound= 2-3years
- Leads => project = 2-5 years
- Clinical trials (regulatory approval)= 6-7 years
- Hit- appropriately targets the protein
- Lead is a compound you can change which will change the reactivity
7
Q
Clinical trials and there phases
A
- Human replacing pre-clinical animal data; called microdosing at subther (trial size = 10-15)
- Safety evaluation; Safe dosage; range; side effects (Trial size= 20-80)
- Effectiveness and dose response (Trial size= 100-300)
- Effectiveness; side-effects, compare to other treatments (Trial size= 1000-5000)
- Post-marketing; effect in general population; rare side effects; optimise protocols; pharmacogenomics (Size= patient population)
8
Q
Drug stages with cost
A
- Cost of developing a new drug range from $4 billion to $12 billion
9
Q
Attrition
A
- Attrition of drug discovery programmes at each stage from idea to Phase III CT is a fundamental property of Pharma R&D
- Thousands of biological targets get smaller and smaller to eventually one marketed drug
10
Q
Fiscal trajectory of a drug
A
- Saviours
- Biological vaccines
- Personalised medicine
- Drug repurposing
- Patents expired for drugs worth $250 billion between 2011-15
11
Q
A
