LAB Flashcards
Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid)
Provides drug use
To treat bacterial infections (e.g., otitis media/ear infection)
Shows patient drugs (May show bottle only, since it is liquid)
Asks patient “How did your prescriber tell you to take the medication?”
Provides dose (# tablets) Four milliliters (must show patient dose on syringe)
Provides route
By mouth
Provides schedule Twice daily
Provides missed dose instructions
Give missed dose as soon as remembered; if close to the next dose, skip the missed dose & resume usual schedule
Provides storage conditions
Refrigerate; do not freeze
Asks patient “What did your prescriber tell you to expect?”
Explains benefits to be expected
Resolution of symptoms; treatment of infection; finish entire course to treat infection
Explains onset of action (time) Can take up to ~2-3 days to see improvement in symptoms; do not stop drug even if symptoms improve, unless prescriber tells you otherwise
Explains duration of therapy/drug action
10 days
Provides common side effects
Diarrhea; GI upset
Presents possible severe reaction Allergic/anaphylactic reaction; C diff – very watery or bloody stools
Explains drug interactions with food/drink/ other drugs
May give with or without food; giving with food may reduce GI upset
Explains contraindications with drug use
History of hypersensitivity to amoxicillin/penicillins or any other component of the formulation; history of jaundice or hepatic dysfunction with Augmentin therapy; history of PKU (some formulations)
Provides techniques for monitoring
Monitor symptoms of infection; monitor adverse reactions
Steps to avoid/minimize adverse reactions & what to do if occur
Give with food to minimize GI upset
When to seek medical help Signs/symptoms of allergic reaction or C diff (severe diarrhea)
Asks patient to repeat instructions
Asks “ What quetions do you have for me?”
Hydroxyzine pamoate (Vistaril)
Provides drug use Anxiety; itching; seasonal allergic rhinitis; sedation
Shows patient drugs
Asks patient “How did your prescriber tell you to take the medication?”
Provides dose (# tablets) 25mg (1 cap); (per this Rx; other regimens possible)
Provides route
By mouth
Provides schedule Every 6 hours as needed for anxiety (per this Rx; other regimens possible)
Provides missed dose instructions
This medication is only taken “as needed”; if a dose is missed, may take if experiencing symptoms. Do not double up on dose.
Provides storage conditions Room temperature (59-86F)
Asks patient “What did your prescriber tell you to expect?”
Explains benefits to be expected
Improvement in symptoms
Explains onset of action (time)
May occur as soon as 15-30 minutes after dose
Explains duration of therapy/drug action Effectiveness at more than 4 months of use has not been established; should be periodically assessed
Provides common side effects
None reported >10%; sedation, dry mouth, urinary retention or constipation may occur
Presents possible severe reaction
QT prolongation; allergic reaction
Explains drug interactions with food/drink/ other drugs May be taken with or without food. Use with other CNS depressants such as alcohol may increase sedation.
Explains contraindications with drug use
Early pregnancy; hypersensitivity to any component
Provides techniques for monitoring
Improvement in symptoms; monitor adverse reactions
Steps to avoid/minimize adverse reactions & what to do if occur
Avoid use with other CNS depressants
When to seek medical help Signs/symptoms of allergic reaction
Asks patient to repeat instructions
Asks “ Wha questions do you have for me?”
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Provides drug use
GERD; ulcer; H Pylori treatment; erosive esophagitis; gastric ulcer disease
Shows patient drugs
Asks patient “How did your prescriber tell you to take the medication?”
Provides dose (# tablets) 30mg (1 cap) (per this Rx; other regimens possible)
Provides route
By mouth
Provides schedule Once daily (per this Rx; other regimens possible)
Provides missed dose instructions
Give missed dose as soon as remembered; if close to the next dose, skip the missed dose & resume usual schedule. Do not take extra dose to make up for missed dose.
Provides storage conditions Room temperature (59-86F); protect from light & moisture
Asks patient “What did your prescriber tell you to expect?”
Explains benefits to be expected
Reduction in GERD symptoms; healing of ulcers
Explains onset of action (time)
Partial symptom relief may occur within first week; healing of ulcers may take 8 weeks or longer.
Explains duration of therapy/drug action
Should be re-assessed by prescriber after 8 weeks to determine if therapy should be continued.
Provides common side effects
Abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; nausea
Presents possible severe reaction
Long-term use may increase risk of C. diff or pneumonia infection and fractures.
Explains drug interactions with food/drink/ other drugs May give with or without food; taking 30-60 minutes before a meal is preferable.
May reduce absorption other medications that require acidic environment to absorb (e.g., some HIV medications; calcium supplements).
Explains contraindications with drug use Hypersensitivity to lansoprazole
Provides techniques for monitoring
Monitor symptoms; monitor adverse reactions
Steps to avoid/minimize adverse reactions & what to do if occur
Seek medical help for allergic reactions. Discuss risks & benefits of long-term use.
When to seek medical help Signs/symptoms of allergic reaction
Asks patient to repeat instructions
Asks “ What questions do you have for me?”
Memantine (Namenda)
Provides drug use
Alzheimer’s disease (moderate to severe)
Shows patient drugs
Asks patient “How did your prescriber tell you to take the medication?”
Provides dose (# tablets) 5mg (1 tablet) (per this Rx; other regimens possible)
Provides route
By mouth
Provides schedule Twice daily (per this Rx; other regimens possible)
Provides missed dose instructions
Give missed dose as soon as remembered; if close to the next dose, skip the missed dose & resume usual schedule. Do not take extra dose to make up for missed dose. If doses are missed for several days, may need to reinitiate at lower dose and re-titrate.
Provides storage conditions Room temperature (59-86F); protect from light & moisture
Asks patient “What did your prescriber tell you to expect?”
Explains benefits to be expected
Slows clinical decline of Alzheimer’s; may provide slight improvement in clinical status
Explains onset of action (time)
Titrated to maintenance dose (10mg bid) at intervals of at least one week; effects are modest and may not be noticeable.
Explains duration of therapy/drug action
Usually taken lifelong or until decision is made to discontinue
Provides common side effects
Constipation; diarrhea; vomiting; dizziness; headache; confusion
Presents possible severe reaction
Seizure (rare); stroke; renal failure
Explains drug interactions with food/drink/ other drugs May be taken with or without food
Explains contraindications with drug use Hypersensitivity to memantine
Provides techniques for monitoring
Monitor cognitive function; monitor adverse reactions
Steps to avoid/minimize adverse reactions & what to do if occur
Seek medical help for allergic reactions.
When to seek medical help
Signs/symptoms of allergic reaction; stroke; seizure; reduced urine output
Asks patient to repeat instructions
Asks “ What questions do you have for me?”
Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (Diovan HCT)
Provides drug use
Hypertension
Shows patient drugs
Asks patient “How did your prescriber tell you to take the medication?”
Provides dose (# tablets) 160/12.5mg (1 tablet) (per this Rx; other regimens possible)
Provides route
By mouth
Provides schedule Once daily (per this Rx; other regimens possible); should take in the morning to avoid nighttime diuresis
Provides missed dose instructions
Give missed dose as soon as remembered; if close to the next dose, skip the missed dose & resume usual schedule. Do not take extra dose to make up for missed dose.
Provides storage conditions Room temperature (59-86F); protect from light & moisture
Asks patient “What did your prescriber tell you to expect?”
Explains benefits to be expected
Control hypertension; patient may not feel any different.
Explains onset of action (time)
Maximum response achieved in ~2-4 weeks.
Explains duration of therapy/drug action
Usually taken lifelong or may be DC’d if hypertension is controlled by lifestyle modifications (e.g., weight loss, diet, exercise)
Provides common side effects
Hypotension; dizziness; increase in urination due to HCTZ
Presents possible severe reaction
Angioedema
Explains drug interactions with food/drink/ other drugs May be taken with or without food
Explains contraindications with drug use Hypersensitivity to valsartan or HCTZ; pregnancy; caution in patients with hypersensitivity to sulfa
Provides techniques for monitoring
Blood pressure monitoring; monitor adverse reactions
Steps to avoid/minimize adverse reactions & what to do if occur
Caution in standing up or changing position to minimize dizziness/orthostatic hypotension
When to seek medical help
Signs/symptoms of allergic reaction or angioedema
Asks patient to repeat instructions
Asks “ What questions do you have for me?”
