Ch. 8 - Clinical Interview Flashcards
T or F? No other mental health professional incorporates assessment into their work as clinical psychologists do
True SISTAH!
Clinical interviews are the most…
frequent assessment tool, more than any specific test, used by the bast majority of practicing clinical psychologists
Validity
measures what it claims to measure
Content validity
has content appropriate for what is being measured
Convergent validity
correlates with other techniques to measure the same thing
Discriminant validity
does not correlate with techniques that measure something else
Reliability
yield consistent, repeatable results
Test-retest reliability
yields similar results across multiple administrations at different times
Interrater reliability
yield similar results across multiple administrators
Internal reliability
consists of items that are consistent with one another
Clinical utility
improves delivery of services or client outcome
General skills (3)
Quieting yourself
♣ Minimize excessive internal, self-directed thoughts that detract from listening
♣ “did I ask the right question?”
Being self-aware
♣ Know how you tend to affect others interpersonally, and how others tend to relate to you
♣ You don’t know how many triggers you have, but you have to deal with it so it doesn’t interfere with client
Develop positive working relationships
♣ Can segue into psychotherapy
♣ Respectful and caring attitude is key
What is the primary task of the interviewer (specific behaviour)
Listening - consists of numerous building blocks
What building blocks make up listening? (5)
♣ Eye contact (there is an appropriate amount)
♣ Body language (face client, appear attentive, appropriate facial expressions)
♣ Vocal qualities (changing the pitch, tone and volume)
♣ Verbal tracking (repeat key words and phrases back to the client, smoothly transition from one topic to another)
♣ Referring to client by proper name
What is a rapport?
Positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client
How an interviewer is with clients
What is a technique?
What an interviewer does with a client
What are 2 technique styles?
♣ Nondirective: not suggesting, or having client confront, letting client sit in their own thoughts, client dictates what topics are talked about and for how long
♣ Directive: too much goal oriented counselling can almost feel like bullying, too much too fast, ask pointed questions to get the answers they need
What are 5 components to active listening?
- Open/close ended/leading questions
- Paraphrasing
- Summary
- Reflection of feelings
- Clarification/Exploration
Distinguish between open/closed ended and leading questions
Open (allows client to elaborate and go where the client want to go)
Closed ended (used less often than open ended)
Leading questions (Never do this, suggesting the answer to the question – especially important in investigating child abuse cases)
What is paraphrasing? What is a poor and good example?
Act as mirror – allowing client to hear in a different way what they just said, also the client can correct you if you’re wrong
♣ Poor: suggesting feelings that obviously are not there
♣ Good: accurately reading the emotions
What is summary?
Kind of paraphrasing but a lot more info – helpful in the beginning to keep track of how therapy is going. Nice for client to get that overview to see how far they’ve come and a reminder of what they’ve talking about
What is reflection of feelings? What is a good and bad example?
therapist is reflecting how the client is feeling – ex: “you seem to feel out of control”
♣ Poor: suggesting feelings that obviously are not there
♣ Good: accurately reading the emotions
What is clarification/exploration?
Going further/beyond what the client is giving you, helping the client delve further into things. If the client says something that is a bit conflicting – trying to get more information to see if it is a conflict.
ex: “so the relationship seems to be over?”
What are the 5 stages of the interview?
- Relationship: establish rapport (3 V’s + B)
- Story: Draw out stories, concerns, problems or issues
- Goals (client’s goals): why are we here? what does the client want at the end of this?
- Working: how are we going to solve this (different if suicidal)? Explore alternatives. Confront. Re-story (reframing - changing perspective in a way that is helpful)
- Action/Termination: (usually have something that you or your client will be doing) empowering client to go forward and act/generalize on new stories
What is the hierarchy of interview skills (go from bottom to top)
- Attending behavior (if you don’t have this, you have nothing)
- Open & closed questions (might use close ended questions if the person tends to go off on a tangent)
- Client observation skills (have to be able to react to the feel of the interview; you may be able to pick up on if they’re feeling down)
- Encouraging, paraphrasing, summarizing, reflection of feelings
What is attending behaviour?
- Orienting toward client (leaned forward and focused on the client)
- Encourages person to talk
- Let’s client know you’re listening
- Conveys empathy (think of the blink blink guy who did not convey empathy)
- Important for rapport
What are the three Vs + B of attending behaviour?
Visual eye contact Vocal qualities (lower voice) Verbal tracking Body o Face other squarely o Head nods o Open posture o Lean toward o Relaxed
Give a good and bad example of attending behaviour
Poor Example:
- Fidgeting, uninterested, relaxed posture, more interested on the room than the person
Good Example:
- Actively listening, leaned in, nodding, validating, asking questions that keep her talking, client is giving more information and more open, paraphrasing what the client said instead of asking a question to get her to elaborate and focused.
What are 3 ways you can use encouragers? what does it indicate to the client?
Verbal o Word or sounds to encourage client o Ex: “yeah”, “uh huh”, “go on”, “oh” o Used at natural break in speech Non-Verbal o Eye contact, smile, head nod Restatement o Repeat 2 or more of client’s exact words
Indicates what client is saying is important
What is a good and bad example of an encourager?
Poor Example:
- No facial expression
Good Example:
- Repeating the last word of a lot of her sentences, leaned in, nodding,
