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Small Animal Medicine II > Round Cell Tumors > Flashcards

Round Cell Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Mast Cell Tumors

Characteristics

A

Can look like anything!

Mass can come and go (Darier’s sign)

Mild flushing, lump

FNA and it keeps bleeding

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2
Q

Mast Cell Tumor

What is it?

A

Mast cell granules (histamine, heparin, other bioactive compounds)

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3
Q

Mast Cell Tumor

Paraneoplastic Syndromes

A 
GI ulceration 
Impaired healing locally
Coagulopathy 
Urticaria
Eosinophilia
Basophilia
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4
Q

Mast Cell Tumors

Signalment

A

Dogs: Boxer, Boston Terrier, Labrador Retrievers, Schnauzers, Beagles, Pugs

Cats: Siamese

Age: any age, usually older in cats

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5
Q

Mast Cell Tumors

Dogs

A

Most commonly have external skin masses

Primary internal tumors are very rare

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6
Q

Mast Cell Tumors

Cats

A

Equal external and internal tumors

Primary symptoms not always skin

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7
Q

Mast Cell Tumors
Diagnosis
Cytology

A

Round cell tumor!

Usually give you a good idea it is a mast cell tumor so surgery and staging can be planned

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8
Q

Mast Cell Tumors
Diagnosis
Histopathology

A

Required for grading the tumor

Must submit margins

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9
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Grade 1

A

Well differentiated, superficial

Prognosis nearly always good

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10
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Grade 2

A

Well to medium differentiation
SQ involvement

Variable prognosis
Can do high and low grade within this grade

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11
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Grade 3

A

Poorly differentiated

Prognosis nearly always very poor

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12
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Prognosis: Mitotic Index

A

< 5 mitoses/10 hpf, less likely to recur or metastasize

> 5 mitoses/10 hpf, more likely to recur or metastasize

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13
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Stage 0

A

One tumor, already excised from dermis

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14
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Stage I

A

One tumor

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15
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Stage II

A

One tumor, with regional lymph node involvement

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16
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Stage III

A

Multiple dermal tumors, large infiltrating tumors, or without lymph node involvement

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17
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Stage IV

A

Any tumor with distant metastasis or recurrence with metastasis

18
Q

Mast Cell Tumors

Treatment: Symptomatic therapy

A

Not always needed

H1 blocker: diphenhydramine (prevent bronchoconstriction, vasodilation)

H2 blocker:
cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine
Prevent gastric ulcerations

Prednisone (shrinks tumor)

19
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors
Treatment
Surgery

A

Surgery; 3 cm margins

20
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumor
Treatment
Electrochemotherapy

A

Great small low grade tumors
>50% do not come back
2 treatments, 2 weeks apart

21
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumor
Treatment
Traditional Chemotherapy

A

Used only for high stage/systemic disease (all grade 3)

Minimally effective alone

Prednisone, Vinblastine, Lomustine
Vinblastine and Pred

22
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumor
Treatment
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

A 
Toceranib (Palladia) 
50% chance of response
Response for about 2 months
Toxicity
On it for life

For more aggressive tumor

23
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors
Prognosis
Grade 1

A

Most cured with surgery (83%)

Can irradiate/electrochemotherpay

Surgery not possible

24
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors
Prognosis
Grade 2

A

Surgery can be curative (44%) - low and high grade

Radiation often needed as follow-up (80% cured)

Some require systemic therapy (traditional chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitor)

25
Q

Canine Mast Cell Tumors
Prognosis
Grade 3

A

Surgery rarely curative (6%)

Can irradiate if no confirmed metastasis
All require systemic therapy (not curative, addition to local therapy)

26
Q

Feline Mast Cell Tumor

Skin

A

Usually benign

Cured with surgery, may have to irradiate depending on location (ex. eye)

27
Q 
Feline Mast Cell Tumors
Internal Form (2 kinds)
A

More aggressive

Two forms:
Lymphoreticular
Gastrointestinal

28
Q

Feline Mast Cell Tumors
Internal Form
Diagnostics

A

Mass in abdomen: aspirate yields mast cells

Often circulating mast cells in blood (see on smear) – this would be bad in dogs but normal for cats

29
Q

Feline Internal Mast Cell Tumors

Treatment

A

Symptomatic: Pred, H1 and H2 blockers

Remove tumor; spleen or intestine

Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors shown to be beneficial

30
Q

Feline Internal Mast Cell Tumors

Splenic vs Intestinal

A

Splenic: could stop therapy after surgery

Intestinal: may require therapy for life

31
Q

Feline Internal Mast Cell Tumors

Survival

A

Splenic: > 3 years

GI: 11 months (usually spread out more)

32
Q

Histiocytic Sarcomas

What is it

A

Round cell sarcoma (more concerning)
Very high grade sarcoma

Cell type of macrophage origin; macrophages or dendritic antigen presenting cells

33
Q

Histiocytic Sarcomas

Signalment

A

Breeds
Flat Coated Retrievers
Golden Retrievers
Rottweillers

Any age, sex, or breed really

34
Q

Histiocytic Sarcomas

Presentation

A

Masses often associated with muscle groups or joints but can be anywhere

Painful

Chronic trauma to joint may predispose them (over activation of the immune system)

35
Q

Histiocytic Sarcomas

Diagnosis

A

IHC needed

36
Q

Histiocytic Sarcomas
Treatment
Surgery

A

If removable with minimal morbidity (must make sure that it has not metted)

May require amputation

37
Q

Histiocytic Sarcomas

Staging (3 things to look at)

A

Draining lymph node; although sometimes the tumor appears to arise in a lymph node

Lungs; round cells like lungs

Abdomen; liver and spleen

38
Q

Histiocytic Sarcomas
Treatment
Radiation Therapy

A

Palliative protocol

39
Q

Histiocyctic Sarcomas

Chemotherapy

A

Lomustine works very well

40
Q

Histiocytic Sarcomas

Prognosis

A

Rarely curable but will initially respond to treatment

Median surival 9 months with radiation and Lomustine

41
Q

Histiocytoma

What is this?

A

Langerhans cell (round cell)

Presents for dermal nodule in a young dog, often on extremities

Spontaneously regress or removal (does not require you to remove it though)

Cytology = diagnostic

42
Q

Histiocytic sarcoma

Hemophagocytic Form

A

Malignant Histiocytosis

Most likely phagocytic macrophages (eats RBCs)

Most common in Bernese Mountain Dog!

Presents for severe anemia

No effective treatment

Small Animal Medicine II (17 decks)

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