Lecture 1

Question 1

Embryonic development of the genital system?

Answer 1

Question 2

Sperm sorting (sexing)Flow cytometer?

Answer 2

Question 3

Embryological development of the genital system?

Answer 3

Question 4

Genesis of primordial germ cells

Answer 4

Question 5

Primordial germ cells migration?

Answer 5

Question 6

Sexually indifferent stage?

Answer 6

Question 7

Male gonads differentiation Influences?

Answer 7

Question 8

Male gonads differentiation
stages (1)

Answer 8

Question 9

Male gonads differentiation
stages (2)

Answer 9

Question 10

Male gonads differentiation
stages (3)

Answer 10

Large sexual cells > Seminal line cells,

Small sexual cells > Sertoli.

Mezenchimal cells> Leydig cells, Endocrine
function, testosteron.

Question 11

Extratesticular duct formation

Answer 11

Question 12

Extern genital organ formation

Answer 12

Uro-genital synus : membranous urethra;

Genital tubercles: gland penis and urethra;

Genital burelet : scrotum and foreskin;

Müller (paramesonphrotic) ducts: regress >
„hidatida pediculata”;

Question 13

Descent (migration) of the testes (1)

Answer 13

Question 14

Descent (migration) of the testes(2)

Answer 14

Question 15

Descent (migration) of the testes (3)

Answer 15

Question 16

Descent (migration) of the testes (4)

Answer 16

Question 17

Development of female
reproductive tract

Answer 17

Question 18

Fetal sexing
day 59-68

Answer 18

Question 19

Disorders?

Answer 19

Cryptorchidism uni /bilateral;

Ectopic testicle;

Freemartins;

Double uterus, double cervix;

Congenital hypoplasia;

Vaginal and cervical atresia etc.

Question 20

Anatomic Structures:

Female gonads (ovaries)

Genital tract:

Answer 20

Question 21

The ovary Ovarian cycle?

Answer 21

Question 22

Ovarian cortex?

Answer 22

Question 23

Ovarian medulla?

Answer 23

Question 24

Ovary

Answer 24

Question 25

Ovary?

Answer 25

Question 26

Oogenesis and folliculogenesis

Answer 26

Germinal cells undergo meyosis just after
sex differentiation

It stops in diploten stage (first meiotic
division)

Question 27

The growth of oocytes occurs in
how many phases?

Answer 27

Question 28

Folliculogenesis?

Answer 28

In the active pubertal ovary, the follicular
system has two main functions:

the maturation of ooocytes

the production of ovarian steroids.

In the development of ooocytes, they are found in a latent
phase, maturation takes place throughout the life of the
adult female, the processes can be regulated according to the
number of existing ooocytes in the ovaries at birth.

The blocking of the oocyte development, until LH peaks,
is determined by the presence in the follicular fluid of a
“meiosis inhibiting factor”, which is a relatively small
protein molecule that disappears with the LH surge

Complete physiological maturation of oocytes occurs in
the 6-8 hours after this increase

Question 29

The production of ovarian steroids?

Answer 29

• *Follicular fluid** is produced by granulosa cells and
• *blood transsudate**

Contains gonadotropic hormones:

FSH in constant concentration

LH varies with the sudden increase in the preovulatory
follicle.
The liquid contains steroid hormones :

androgens have the highest values​​.

androstenedione reach 300-800 ng / ml,

testosterone 15-20 ng / ml

dehidropiandrosteron to NGR 150-300 / ml.

Estrogens increase gradually in the absence
of very small tertiary follicles

In preovulatory follicle reach 1-2 ng / ml.
Will determine

hyperemia processes

congestion and hyper secretion in the uterus,

Manifestation of secondary sexual
characteristics (heat behaviour).

Question 30

Follicular atresia?

Answer 30

The first changes appears in the
granulosa
Follicular fluid becomes cloudy
It affects over 50% of foll. bigger than 1
mm
Affecting all categories of follicles
Appreciation is histologically histochemical
Forms of atresia:
Estrogen-secreting cystic Follicles Pleated Follicles secrete progesterone

Resulting ovary interstitialc ells endocrine role

Question 31

FOLICUL ATRETIC

Answer 31

The size of the follicle can be evaluated by rectal
palpation;
In the cow, the size of mature follicles reach
15-20 mm

In the mare 20-70 mm.

In medium and small animals through laparotomy
or endoscopy, ultrasound

Preovulatory follicles in sheep and sow ;

size between 8-10 mm

2-3 mm small animals.

By microscopic examination is possible to observe all
categories of follicles