Pulmonary

Question 1

What does the thoracic cavity contain

Answer 1

contains 2 pulmonary cavities (each contains 1 pleural cavity + one mediastinum

Question 2

What are the 2 layers of plaura

Answer 2

1. Visceral pleura- covers the lungs

2. Parietal pleura- lines the thoracic wall, mediastinum and diaphragm

Question 3

Pleural fluid- where is it found and function

Answer 3

• found in pleural cavity
• allows layers of the pleura to slide over eachother during inspiration
• keeps lungs from collapsing
• babies who are premature have a high chance of developing this

Question 4

how many lobes does the right and left lungs have

Answer 4

right=3

left=2

Question 5

which lung is bigger

Answer 5

Right is larger/ wider - but shorter because diaphram is higher on right side

Question 6

what is located at the root of the lung (3)

Answer 6

• where bronchi enter the lung
• where blood vessels enter/leave lung (hilum)
• pleural sleeve located here (visceral +parietal pleura are continous)

Question 7

4 parts of the parietal pleura

Answer 7

1. costal- covers the sternum, ribs, costal cartilage, intercostal muscle, sides of the T-spine.
   - is seperated from the wall by endothoracic fascia
2. Mediastinal- faces the mediastinum
3. Diaphragmatic- faces the superior surface of the diaphram
4. Cervical- extends into the roolt of the neck about 3cm above clavical

Question 8

Costodiaphragmatic recess + Costomediastinal recess

Answer 8

• recesses are potential spaces for lung expantion

- the lingula moves in and out of the costomediastinal recess during inspiration/expiration

Question 9

In which lung is the hilum bigger

Answer 9

Right is bigger (wider/shorter)

-easier to inspire things into this lung

Question 10

lung blood supply order

Answer 10

Pulmonary trunk
R+L pulmonary arteries
-Lobar arteries (also branch to superior lobe)
-Segmental arteries

Question 11

Drainage of lungs

Answer 11

pumonary capillaries
intrasegmental veins
intersegmental veins
pumonary veins
heart

Question 12

3 variences of bronchial artery

Answer 12

• Branch from superior posterior intercostal artery
• Branch from left superior bronchial artery
• A common trunk frm the thoracic aorta

Question 13

Bronchial arteries supply the following (4)

Answer 13

• roots of lungs
• visceral pleura
• superior esophogus
• smaller bronchiole arteries supply the respiratory bronchioles and anastamose w branches of the pulmonary arteries

Question 14

where does r and l bronchial viens go

Answer 14

r- azygos

l- accessory hemi-azygos vein or left superior intercostal

Question 15

what is the visceral and parietal pleura supplied by

Answer 15

visceral- bronchial arteries

parietal- intercostal arteries

Question 16

drainage of pleura (visceral + parietal)

Answer 16

visceral- drain into pulmonary

parietal- drain into systematic veins by thoracic wall

Question 17

superficial lympatic plexus drainage

Answer 17

bronchopulmonar lymph nodes->superior + inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes–> 1. R bronchomediastinal trunk–> R lymphatic duct OR 2. thoracic duct

Question 18

Deep lymphatic plexus drainage

Answer 18

pulmonary lymph nodes–> bronchopulmonary lymph nodes–> superior and inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes–> R or L bronchomediastinal trunk–> R lymphatic duct or thoracic duct

Question 19

Lung parasympathetic supply

Answer 19

vagus nerve (X) –> ganglion cells in the pulmonary plexus and bronchial tree

Question 20

Effects of parasympathetic supply

Answer 20

• bronchocontriction
• vasodialiation
• secretory to glands of bronchial tree mucus

Question 21

Lung sympathetic supply

Answer 21

-paravertebral sympathetic ganglia in sympathetic trunk

Question 22

Effects of sympathetic supply

Answer 22

• bronchodialiatior
• vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels
• inhibitory to alveolar glands of bronchial tree