Other Exam 1 Info

Question 1

All or none principle

Answer 1

fibers either contract completely or not at all

Question 2

Force-velocity principle

Answer 2

faster movement means less force can be moved

Question 3

length-tension principle

Answer 3

optimally contraction occurs when the fibers are stretched just a little

Question 4

muscle fiber cross-section principle

Answer 4

larger cross section= stronger contraction (hypertrophy)

Question 5

how does size and motor unit recruitment contraction

Answer 5

muscle with more motor unit innervation have a stronger contraction

Question 6

how does connective tissue strength influence muscle contraction?

Answer 6

the stronger tendons surrounding a muscle are, the more force the muscle can generate

Question 7

nervous inhibition threshold principle

Answer 7

with training, the body will be able to accept higher forces before inhibiting contraction

Question 8

describe PNF stretching

Answer 8

put muscle in a stretched position. then contract the stretched muscle against some form of resistance. this will trigger the GTO which will result in relaxation of the muscle

Question 9

Main reason for delayed muscle soreness

Answer 9

damage to connective tissue

Question 10

what is static stretching

Answer 10

just holding joint in a position opp of what the muscle does to contract

Question 11

what is ballistic stretching

Answer 11

more elastic and less permanent. short term stretching that involves movement

Question 12

problem with ballistic stretching

Answer 12

stretch reflex can be triggered which tells the muscle to come back and shorten because it has been stretched too far

Question 13

acute vs. delayed muscle sorenesss

Answer 13

acute happens during the activity and delayed happens 24-48 hours after.

Question 14

what are things that are associated w/ delayed muscle soreness (4 things)

Answer 14

1. ) too much eccentric work
2. ) progressing too quickly
3. ) damage to conn tissue
4. ) poor form (bc small synergists are being used)
   * * stretching at the end can help alleviate DMS

Question 15

what is the Q effect

Answer 15

every 10 degrees Celsius incr= a doubling of metabolic rate

Question 16

What is VT1

Answer 16

when blood lactate starts to accumulate. starting to breath a little heavier. Anaerobic threshold corresponds to this

Question 17

What is VT2

Answer 17

when high accumulation of lactic acid is happening and body is not able to clear it adequately. hyperventilation happens here and this corresponds to lactate threshold

Question 18

point at which there is no longer a proportionate incr in HR in response to increasing intensity

Answer 18

HTRP (heart rate return point)

Question 19

1 MET=

Answer 19

the amount of oxygen consumed while resting

Question 20

what is the Valsalva maneuver

Answer 20

when venous return to the heart drops due to straining and not breathing. causes stroke volume to decr and heart rate would have to compensate

Question 21

what does a GTO do?

Answer 21

says there is too much contraction occurring causes a relaxation in the muscle when there is too much contraction

Question 22

what does a muscle spindle do

Answer 22

responds to too much stretch by contracting the muscle

Question 23

what is reciprocal innervation

Answer 23

one on muscle is contracting, its opposing muscle has to be relaxing. this allows for coordinated movement

Question 24

what is wolf’s law

Answer 24

tissues change due to the stresses placed on them

Question 25

describe how to incr flexibility permanently

Answer 25

• hold for long duration w/adequate load

- let the tissue cool in the lengthened state

Question 26

describe the difference between active and passive rom

Answer 26

active rom involves contraction of opposing muscle group and passive rom is when the muscle is not really doing any of the work

Question 27

DMS is most associated with what type of work

Answer 27

eccentric due to friction forces

Question 28

main reason for DMS?

Answer 28

damage to connective tissue

Question 29

what is the load-deformation curve?

Answer 29

the amount of deformation that occurs when a stretch load is applied.

Question 30

what is the elastic limit

Answer 30

the region of stretch beyond where the tissue can return to its normal length once the applied force is removed

Question 31

what are the purposes for the acute physiological changes that occur when going from a nonmoving to moving position?

Answer 31

1. ) Provide oxygen to working cells
2. ) remove metabolic waste products
3. ) dissipate heat from atp production