9 - Derm, Hallucinogens, Cleaning

Question 1

Isotretinoin

• MOA
• clinical use
• adverse effects

Answer 1

Reduces size + degree of oil production from sebaceous glands; vit A derivative

Acne

Major:
-blepharoconj-itis
-dry eye
-pseudotumor cerebri
-teratogenic (contra in pregnancy)
Other: lid edema, loss of color vision, nyctalopia, cataracts

Question 2

Metronidazole

• MOA
• clinical use
• adverse effects

Answer 2

Disrupts DNA and inhibits nucleic acid syth

Topical for acne rosacea
Anti-inflammatory properties

Irritation of skin/eyes

Question 3

Addiction to

• nicotine
• alcohol
• opioids
• cocaine

Answer 3

N: rapid dependence

A: rapid dependence in those pre-disposed to addictive behavior, withdrawal can be life-threatening

O: withdrawal is not life-threatening, includes mydriasis, lacrimation

C: blocks DA/NE uptake

• SE: mydriasis, heart palpitations
• withdrawal: not life-threatening, includes severe cravings, depression, fatigue

Question 4

Disinfectants vs antiseptics

Answer 4

D: inhibit or kill microorganisms

• sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) disinfects blood spills
• formaldehyde disinfects/sterilizes medical instruments

A: disinfecting agents with low toxicity for human cells
-can be used on skin, mucous membranes, wounds without harm

Question 5

Disinfectants/antiseptics

• alcohols
• iodine

Answer 5

A: isopropyl (90%), ethanol (70%)

• effective immediately
• kills vegitative bateria, M. tuberculosis, many fungi

I: kills spores in ~15min

• most active antiseptic for intact skin
• uncommon due to HS

Question 6

Disinfectants/antiseptics

• oxidizing agents (hydrogen peroxide)
• heavy metals

Answer 6

O: clean wounds, disinfect CLS

HM: silver sulfadiazine = bacterial agent, applied to burn wounds

Question 7

Pregnancy and breast feeding: PDR ratings

• A
• B
• C
• D
• X

Answer 7

A: no proven risk to fetus

B: animal studies show no risk, insufficient human OR animal studies show some risk, humans don’t

C: adverse effects in animal studies but not human OR no animal or human studies to determine safety

D: evidence of human fetal risk, benefits may outweigh risk

X: fetal abnormalities, risks much greater than benefits

Question 8

Pregnancy and breast feeding

-when are ocular structures at risk

Answer 8

Most damaged by teratogens if exposed during 1st trimester

Question 9

4 things needed on/for informed consent for injection

Answer 9

Purpose/nature of injection
Risks/benefits
Reasonable alternative
Risks/benefits of alternative

Question 10

Injections: gauges

-intradermal

Answer 10

26/25 G

Question 11

Injections: gauges

-subcutaneous

Answer 11

25-30 G

Question 12

Injections: gauges

-intramuscular

Answer 12

19-25 G

Question 13

Injections: gauges

-intravenous

Answer 13

23-25 G, winged infusion needle

Question 14

Injections: gauges

-subconj

Answer 14

26-28 G

Question 15

Injections: gauges

-intralesional

Answer 15

27-30 G