Energy and Enzymes Flashcards
Energy (what it is and forms)
- a force that can accomplish work
- 2 major forms
- potential
- kinetic
Potential energy (what it is and examples)
- energy of position (stored energy)
- ex: chemical energy (in bonds)
Kinetic energy (what it is and example)
- energy of motion
- ex: mechanical energy
Metabolism (what it is and types)
- sum of all chemical reaction in a living organism
- includes
- anabolism
- catabolism
Anabolism
- Biosynthesis reactions: building
- Endergonic: requires energy
Catabolism
- degrative reactions: breaking down
- exergonic: energy releasing
Chemical reactions (components and directions)
Components: -Substrate: what goes in (reactant) -product: what comes out Directions: -Forward -reverse
Factors affecting chemical reactions
- law of mass action
- activation energy
- enzymes
Law of mass action
- forward reactions
- higher reactants= higher products
- high product= slow down making of product
Activation energy
- minimum energy required for reactants to overcome activation energy barrier –> transition state –> product
- Sources:
- collision from other molecules
Enzymes (structure, function)
Structure: -protein based molecules -substrate specific Function: -reduce activation energy -biological catalysts: -speed up reactions -does not get used up or changed
Models for Enzyme Binding
- lock and key mechanism
2. induced fit model
Lock and key mechanism
- substrate fits an enzyme like a key to a lock
- problem: doesn’t explain reversible reactions
Induced fit model
- substrates approximately fit enzyme
- after binding –> conformational change for a better fit
How enzymes work (steps)
-enzyme binds with a substrate converting them to products
- substrate contacts active site of the enzyme
- enzyme- substrate complex forms
- substrate is transformed, broken down, or compounded with other substrates
- transformed substrate (products) released
- unchanged enzyme free to interact with other substrates