Psychiatry

Question 1

what is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Answer 1

classical is involuntary responses and operant is usually voluntary responses

Question 2

what is extinction

Answer 2

if you remove the reward or the negative reinforcement, the behaviour will usually stop

Question 3

what is transference?

Answer 3

patient puts feelings on physician

Question 4

what is countertransference?

Answer 4

physician puts feelings on patient

Question 5

what is displacement?

Answer 5

taking negative emotions and putting them onto something else (neutral object)

Question 6

what is fixation

Answer 6

partially remaining at more childish level of development

Question 7

what is projection?

Answer 7

when you attribute an unpleasant internal impulse to external source- want to cheat to accuse wife of cheating

Question 8

what is reaction formation?

Answer 8

when you take an unpleasant feeling and harness it into an action of the exact opposite

Question 9

what are the mature defenses?

Answer 9

1. Sublimation
2. Altruism
3. Suppression
4. Humour

Question 10

what is korsakoffs syndrome?

Answer 10

caused by B1 thiamine deficiency- destruction of mamillary bodies

Question 11

what are the symptoms of a manic episode?

Answer 11

at least 3 for >1 week- DIG FAST-distractability, impulsive, grandiose, flight of ideas, agitation,, decreased need for sleep, talkative or pressured speech

Question 12

what is the highest risk factor for suicide?

Answer 12

previous attempt

Question 13

what is adjustment disorder vs GAD?

Answer 13

adjustment is 3-6 mths of increased anxiety associated with event, GAD is >6 mths

Question 14

what causes narcolepsy?

Answer 14

decreased hypocretin (orexin) in hypothalamus

Question 15

what are the three A’s of serotonin syndrome?

Answer 15

activity (neuromuscular), agitation, autonomic stimulation

Question 16

what is malignant neuroleptic syndrome?

Answer 16

antipsychotics and genetic predisposition

• myoglobinuria
• fever
• encephalopathy
• vitals unstable
• enzymes (CK increased)
• rigidity (lead pipe muscles)
• tx is dantrolene, dopamine agonist, bromocriptine

Question 17

what is malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 17

inhaled aesthetics, succ, genetics

• fever and severe muscle contractions
• tx is dantrolene

Question 18

what is delirium tremens?

Answer 18

2-3 days post alcohol-anxiety, hallucinations, autonomic instability, tremors-BENZOS

Question 19

what can give you acute dystonia?

Answer 19

antipsychotics and anticonvulsants

-benzotropine or diphenhydramine are tx

Question 20

what are the three C’s of TCA toxicity?

Answer 20

coma, cardiotoxicity, convulsions

Question 21

what is the mechanism of atypical antipsychotics?

Answer 21

inhibit D2 receptors

Question 22

what can lithium cause?

Answer 22

nephrogenic diabetes inspidius

-nephrotoxic, ebsteins anomaly, hypothyroidism