Immune System

Question 1

What are the two systems in the immune system?

Answer 1

Innate immunity and adaptive immunity

Question 2

What is the function of the immune system?

Answer 2

to protect us from harmful agents

Question 3

What is innate immunity

Answer 3

Immediate response to a range of substances; the immunity you are born with

Question 4

What is adaptive immunity?

Answer 4

Delayed response to a specific antigen. Responds to different foreign substances which we are exposed to in our life time.

Question 5

What are the four sources of specific immunity?

Answer 5

Natural > inhert it
Induced > healthcare
Active > your immune system does the work
Passive > you were given it

Question 6

What is an infectious agent? Give hte five examples

Answer 6

Organisms that cause damage or death to the host organism they invade

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoans
Multicellular parasites

Question 7

What is a viruses? Give some examples

Answer 7

Not cells. Smaller than a bacteria cell. They are made up of DNA or RNA within a protein capsid. Viruses must enter a cell to replicate. Viral disease e.g. common cold, chicken pox and HIV.

Question 8

What is fungi? Give some examples of it

Answer 8

Eukaryotic cells which have a cell wall external to the plasma membrane. E.g. molds, yeast and multicellular fungi.

Question 9

What are protozoans? Give an example

Answer 9

Eukaryotic cells which do not have a cell wall e.g. malaria

Question 10

What are muticellular parasites? Give an example

Answer 10

Microscopic organisms that lives’ in a host from where they take nourishment. E.g. tapeworms

Question 11

What is a primary response?

Answer 11

First time you are exposed to it you get it, you become immune to it after 10 or 15 days

Question 12

What is a secondary response?

Answer 12

You are already immune to it so you do not get infection

Question 13

What are cytokines?

Answer 13

Small, soluble proteins produced by cells

Question 14

What does the mucous membrane do in the innate immunity?

Answer 14

Barrier to micro-organisms

Question 15

What are neutrophils?

Answer 15

first to arrive at the site of infection

Question 16

What are macrophages?

Answer 16

they clean up the injured or infected area

Question 17

What are basophils?

Answer 17

they fight the infection which causes inflammation

Question 18

What are NK cells?

Answer 18

they find the unwanted cells and destroy them

Question 19

What are eosinophils?

Answer 19

they fight the parasites

Question 20

What is inflammation?

Answer 20

immediate event that occur in vascularized tissue against a variety of injury-causing stimuli

Question 21

What is chronic inflammation?

Answer 21

condition in which inflammation continues for longer than two weeks

Question 22

How does lymphocyte do when an antigen is detected?

Answer 22

a antigen is detected, a lymphocyte is caused to proliferate and differentiate to form a specialized clone to fight against it

Question 23

What is an antigen?

Answer 23

A substance that binds to a component of adaptive immunity

Question 24

What are immunoglobuins? WHat are the five classes?

Answer 24

Antibodies

• IgG – body fluid e.g. blood
• IgM – Monomer is B-lymphocyte receptor
• IgA – external secretions
• IgD – B-lymphocyte receptor
• IgE – Blood

Question 25

What happens when a antigen enters the body?

Answer 25

Lymphocyte recognizes the antigen as being foreign and produces the antibodies that are specific to it. Each antibody has a specific shape which locks to an antigen. The antibodies destroy the antigen which then is engulfed and digested by macrophages.

Question 26

What does Boyle’s law say?

Answer 26

One goes up and one goes down