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Module 203, Theme 3- Gynaecological pathology, common gynaecological disorders and sexual health > T2 L9 Sexual Health > Flashcards

T2 L9 Sexual Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the WHO definition of health?

A

A state of complete physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

What is the biopsychosocial definition of sexual health?

A

a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity.

Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence

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3
Q

What were the various sexual identities in the Australian Study of Health & Relationships? Give the % of each

A
  1. 5% heterosexual
  2. 7% bisexual
  3. 6% homosexual
  4. 1% other
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4
Q

What are the various sexual experiences in the Australian Study of Health & Relationships? Give the % of each

A
  1. 5% exclusively heterosexual
  2. 4% heterosexual and homosexual
  3. 6% exclusively homosexual
  4. 4% none
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5
Q

What do results from the Australian Study of Health & Relationships teach us?

A

An individual’s sexual identity does not always map unto behaviour

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6
Q

In terms of sexual health, what does most medical research focus on?

A

Much medical research focuses on:

  • disease (HIV and other STIs) and -sexual dysfunction
  • (+ unplanned pregnancy)

less attention is given to non-disease / dysfunction

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7
Q

Given the definition of sexual health, which other factors should be considered when looking at sexual well-being in more broad terms?

A
  • sexual satisfaction
  • sexual difficulties
  • sexual coercion
  • sexually transmitted infections

Just focusing on disease undermines the need to prevent infection

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8
Q

What % of men and women agree that “An active sex life is important for your sense of well-being”?

A

87% of men

79% of women

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9
Q

What is overall relationship satisfaction strongly related too?

A

Sexual satisfaction

Satisfaction with emotional aspects of relationships is significantly related to greater physical satisfaction and more frequent sex

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10
Q

Which gender has a higher ideal frequency of sex?

A

Males

BUT there are large overlaps for men and women

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11
Q

How does the actual frequency of sex compare between men and women?

A

Actual frequency of sex is similar for men and women

Lower than ideal

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12
Q

What % of men and women report a match between their ideal and actual frequency of sex?

A 
Men = 15%
Women = 26%

Most men and women want sex more often than they do

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13
Q

What is the mean frequency of sex per week in relationships?

A

1.5 times

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14
Q

List the various sexual difficulties reported and their % in men and women

A

lacked interest in sex = 25% (M) 55% (F)

orgasm too quickly = 24% (M) 12% (F)

unable to orgasm = 6% (M) 29% (F)

anxious about ability to perform = 16% (M) 17% (F)

sex not pleasurable = 6% (M) 27% (F)

pain during intercourse = 2% (M) 20% (F)

vaginal dryness = 24% (F)

unable to keep erection = 10% (M) .

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15
Q

What is low function in sex related to?

A
  • greater age
  • depression
  • poor physical health
  • lower relationship satisfaction
  • inability to talk about sex with partners
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16
Q

What effect does poor physical health have on sexual frequency and satisfaction?

A

Negative

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17
Q

What % of men and women have been sexually coerced (forced or frightened into unwanted sexual activity)?

A 
Men = 5%
Women = 20%
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18
Q

What are the potentially long lasting effects of sexual coercion?

A
  • psychological well-being
    e. g., higher prevalence of depression and anxiety
  • physical well-being
    e.g., lower well-being, greater
    cigarette/drug/alcohol use
  • sexual well-being
    e. g., more STIs, more negative attitudes
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19
Q

What are the sexual health concerns for youths/young people?

A
  • avoiding unintended pregnancy
  • avoiding STIs
  • treating STIs to protect reproductive health
20
Q

What are the sexual health concerns for in adulthood?

A
  • optimising reproductive health

- optimising sexual satisfaction

21
Q

What are the sexual health concerns for in older age?

A
  • optimising sexual function

- limiting impact of physical health (e.g. comorbid conditions like heart disease) on sexual health

22
Q

What has happened to sexual values in society today?

A
  • society more sexualised

- sexual health more valued

23
Q

COMPLETE THE SENTENCE

People are now more __________ at younger ages

A

SEXUALLY ACTIVE

24
Q

What is the effect of people being sexually active at a younger age?

A

potential exposure to STIs / unplanned pregnancy is therefore happening at earlier ages

NOTE: people may also be sexually active later in life, so potential exposure to STIs / unplanned pregnancy is longer

25
Q

Which age group (in men) is more likely to be anxious about sex?

A

16-19

26
Q

Which age group (in men) is more likely to erectile dysfunction?

A

50-59

27
Q

Which age group (in women) is more likely to have pain during sex?

A

20-29

28
Q

Which age group (in women) is more likely to have vaginal dryness?

A

50-59

29
Q

What is the major focus in sexual health?

A

Prevention

Absence of vaccines, cures or effective treatment increases importance of behaviour

30
Q

What is happening to STIs rates amongst young people?

A

It is high and increasing

31
Q

What % of men and women have used condoms before?

A

90% of men and women

32
Q

What % of men and women used condoms the last time they have vaginal sex?

A

23%

33
Q

What % of men and women put on the condom late during sex?

A

15%

34
Q

What are the most effective interventions when trying to promote/ensure condom usage?

A

Interventions that include a skills component in addition to knowledge/ attitudes are the most effective

Knowledge is necessary but its not sufficient to affect condom use. People must have the behavioural skills to negotiate condom use and to use it effectively

35
Q

What influences condom use?

A

Pregnancy concerns

People’s motive for condom usage is rarely because they want to prevent STIs

36
Q

Are people more or less likely to use a condom if the woman is on contraception? What can this lead to

A

Less likely

Leads to increased risk of STIs

37
Q

What are the reasons behind an artefactual increase in STIs diagnoses?

A
  • more sensitive tests

- more people getting tested

38
Q

What are the reasons behind a real increase in STIs diagnoses?

A
  • more young people sexually active
  • inconsistent condom use
  • lack of concern about HIV affects STI concern
  • belief that STIs are not serious
39
Q

What age group is National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) often targeted at? Why is this?

A

Under 25s

Because they are less likely to use condoms

40
Q

How is chlamydia tested for/detected?

A

testing via urine sample (all men, 70% of women)

self-collected vulvo-vaginal swabs (30% of women)

41
Q

What % of people with chlamydia have no obvious signs or symptoms?

A

70% of infected females

50% of infected males

42
Q

What % of men and women aged 16-24 not seeking STI testing tested positive for chlamydia?

A

10%

43
Q

What is the purpose of chlamydia screening?

A
  • collect data
  • raise awareness
  • treat people
  • notify partners
44
Q

What is the prevalence of the Human Papilloma Virus in women aged between 20-24 before introduction of the HPV vaccination programme?

A

20-40%

45
Q

What % of eligible women had the 3-course HPV vaccination?

A

63%

NOTE: The target was 80%

46
Q

What is the prevalence of the Human Papilloma Virus in women aged between 18-20 after introduction of the HPV vaccination programme?

A

6%

Module 203, Theme 3- Gynaecological pathology, common gynaecological disorders and sexual health (8 decks)

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