A2: Projectile Motion Flashcards
Definition of projectile motion:
The movement of a body through the air following a curved flight path under the force of gravity
What is a projectile?
A body that is launched into the air losing contact with the ground surface (e.g. discus)
What 4 factors affect horizontal distance travelled by a projectile?
Speed of release
Angle of release
Height of release
Aerodynamic factors (Bernoulli & Magnus principles, lift & spin)
How does speed of release affect distance travelled by a projectile?
Greater outgoing speed = Greater distance travelled
How does angle of release affect distance travelled by a projectile?
Optimal release angle = 45 degrees (If release and landing height are equal)
How does height of release affect distance travelled by a projectile?
If release height > landing height, optimal angle < 45 degrees
And vice versa
Definition of parabolic
Uniform curve symmetrical about its highest point
What is a parabolic flight path (and a sporting example)
Flight symmetrical about its highest point caused by the dominant force of weight on a projectile
(E.g. A shot put)
What is a non parabolic flight path (and a sporting example)
Flight path asymmetrical about its highest point caused by the dominant force of air resistance on a projectile
(E.g. a badminton shuttle cock or discus)
Definition of angle of attack
The most favourable angle of release for a projectile to optimise lift force
What is Bernoulli’s principle?
An increase in velocity of air flow occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure
How does Bernoulli’s principle create an additional lift force?
All fluids move from high to low pressure (pressure gradient) this creates a lift force which can extend the flight path
How does Bernoulli’s principle work in a downward direction?
If the aerofoil shape is inverted, air is forced underneath the aerofoil to travel a further distance, meaning air velocity is increased underneath, creating low pressure
This causes a down-force, increasing grip and friction
What is a Magnus force?
A force created from a pressure gradient on opposing surfaces of a spinning body moving through the air
What is the Magnus Effect?
An additional Magnus force can deviate a spinning projectile from its projected flight path
