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Module 203 Reproduction & endocrinology > T2 L23 Congenital abnormalities of face > Flashcards

T2 L23 Congenital abnormalities of face Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the oropharyngeal membrane?

A

Between maxillary prominences

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2
Q

How is stomatodeum formed?

A

Breakdown of oropharyngeal membrane

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3
Q

What does stomatodeum form?

A

Opening to oral cavity

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4
Q

What is frontonasal prominence formed by?

A

Proliferation of mesenchymal neural crest cells that are ventral to forebrain.

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5
Q

What does the frontonasal structure form?

A

Forehead
Bridge of nose
Medial and lateral nasal prominences

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6
Q

What do 2 nasomedial structures form?

A

Philtrum
Primary palate
Upper 4 incisors and associated jaw

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7
Q

What do 2 nasolateral structures form?

A

Sides of nose

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8
Q

What do 2 maxillary structures form?

A

Cheeks
Lateral upper lip
Secondary palate
Lateral upper jaw

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9
Q

What do 2 mandibular structures form?

A

Lower lip

Jaw

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10
Q

Describe formation of the palate

A

Nasal cavity is initially continuous with oral cavity
Fusion of media nasal prominences to form intermaxillary segment (primary palate)
Maxillary prominences expand medially to form palate shelves which advance medially to fuse superior to the tongue
Developing mandible expands to increase size of oral cavity.

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11
Q

What does the mandibular pharyngeal arch form?

A 
Maxillary nerve
Meckel's cartilage
Maxillary prominence
Mandibular prominence
Artery becomes terminal portion of maxillary which is a branch of the external carotid.
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12
Q

What does Meckel’s cartilage form?

A

Malleus and incus

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13
Q

What does maxillary prominence of arch 1 form?

A

Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Part of temporal bone

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14
Q

What does the hyoid pharyngeal arch form?

A

Facial nerve
Reichert’s cartilage
Stapedial artery
Hyoid artery

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15
Q

What does Reichert’s cartilage form?

A

Stapes
Styloid process
Stylohyoid ligament
Upper body and lesser horn hyoid bone

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16
Q

What does pharyngeal arch 3 form?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Artery becomes common carotid artery and proximal portion of internal carotid artery
Lower body and greater horn of hyoid

17
Q

What does pharyngeal arch 4 form?

A

Vagus nerve
Vascular derivatives:
- right: proximal portion of subclavian artery
-left: aortic arch

18
Q

What is a thyroglossal duct cyst?

A

Forms along path of thyroid descent

19
Q

How does a thyroglossal fistula form?

A

Spontaneous rupture of thyroglossal cyst –> draining sinus (thyroglossal fistula)

20
Q

What is the treatment for a thyroglossal fistula?

A

Surgery: sistrunk’s operation

21
Q

What is a branchial fistula?

A

Rare, congenital abnormality arising from abnormal persistence of branchial apparatus remnants
May need surgery if there are recurrent infections

22
Q

What is a ranula?

A

Cyst that forms on floor of mouth due to blockage of salivary glands
Make an incision so saliva can drain into mouth

23
Q

What is an external angular dermoid?

A

Common subcutaneous tumour of the face covered by trapping of epithelium under the skin
Cosmetic procedure to remove it as it will continue to enlarge

24
Q

What is a cystic hygroma?

A

Malformation of lymphatic system where lymph doesn’t drain well

25
Q

What is the management of cystic hygroma?

A

Injection of sclerosants

Surgery

26
Q

What is a haemangioma?

A

Capillary malformation
Often seen on forehead
Can disappear on their own
Treat with steroids if affecting peri-orbital area as it may occlude visual field

27
Q

What areas can a cleft lip / palate affect?

A

Orbicularis oris
Philtrum
Verniform border

28
Q

What is the treatment for a cleft lip / palate?

A

Surgery
Dental implications
Speech

29
Q

When is surgery carried out for a cleft lip?

A

At 10 weeks, with baby weighing 10lbs and having 10g of Hb

Module 203 Reproduction & endocrinology (52 decks)

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